系统工程理论与实践
繫統工程理論與實踐
계통공정이론여실천
Systems Engineering—Theory & Practice
2012年
11期
2351~2362
,共null页
减排 环境污染 环境政策工具 技术更新 实施成本
減排 環境汙染 環境政策工具 技術更新 實施成本
감배 배경오염 배경정책공구 기술경신 실시성본
abatement; environmental pollution; environmental policy instruments; technology innovation;enforcement costs
论文采用企业最优规划模型，通过比较研究方法分析了污染税、可交易污染许可、污染排放标准和减排补贴对企业减排行为的影响、对企业技术更新的激励效果、对污染排放总量的控制和政策实施成本．研究表明：减排的主要影响因素是减排的技术能力和环境政策的严厉程度；污染谎报问题的主要影响因素是环境政策的严厉程度和政府监管力度，而与减排的技术能力无关；在技术更新的激励效果方面，完全遵守的污染排放标准是最优的、其次是不完全遵守的污染排放标准、再次是污染税和减排补贴、可交易污染许可效果最差；在污染排放总量控制方面，若企业存在技术改进可能，污染税、减排补贴和污染排放标准可以达到相同的政策效果，可交易污染许可的效果最差，若企业保持现有技术水平不变，则污染税、可交易污染许可、减排补贴和污染排放标准可以达到相同的政策效果；在政策实施成本方面，污染税、减排补贴和污染排放标准具有相同的实施成本，可交易污染许可的实施成本最低．
論文採用企業最優規劃模型，通過比較研究方法分析瞭汙染稅、可交易汙染許可、汙染排放標準和減排補貼對企業減排行為的影響、對企業技術更新的激勵效果、對汙染排放總量的控製和政策實施成本．研究錶明：減排的主要影響因素是減排的技術能力和環境政策的嚴厲程度；汙染謊報問題的主要影響因素是環境政策的嚴厲程度和政府鑑管力度，而與減排的技術能力無關；在技術更新的激勵效果方麵，完全遵守的汙染排放標準是最優的、其次是不完全遵守的汙染排放標準、再次是汙染稅和減排補貼、可交易汙染許可效果最差；在汙染排放總量控製方麵，若企業存在技術改進可能，汙染稅、減排補貼和汙染排放標準可以達到相同的政策效果，可交易汙染許可的效果最差，若企業保持現有技術水平不變，則汙染稅、可交易汙染許可、減排補貼和汙染排放標準可以達到相同的政策效果；在政策實施成本方麵，汙染稅、減排補貼和汙染排放標準具有相同的實施成本，可交易汙染許可的實施成本最低．
논문채용기업최우규화모형，통과비교연구방법분석료오염세、가교역오염허가、오염배방표준화감배보첩대기업감배행위적영향、대기업기술경신적격려효과、대오염배방총량적공제화정책실시성본．연구표명：감배적주요영향인소시감배적기술능력화배경정책적엄려정도；오염황보문제적주요영향인소시배경정책적엄려정도화정부감관력도，이여감배적기술능력무관；재기술경신적격려효과방면，완전준수적오염배방표준시최우적、기차시불완전준수적오염배방표준、재차시오염세화감배보첩、가교역오염허가효과최차；재오염배방총량공제방면，약기업존재기술개진가능，오염세、감배보첩화오염배방표준가이체도상동적정책효과，가교역오염허가적효과최차，약기업보지현유기술수평불변，칙오염세、가교역오염허가、감배보첩화오염배방표준가이체도상동적정책효과；재정책실시성본방면，오염세、감배보첩화오염배방표준구유상동적실시성본，가교역오염허가적실시성본최저．
The enterprise optimal plan model and comparative analysis are adopted in this paper to analyze the effects of pollution taxes, marketable emission permits, pollution standards and abatement subsidies on enterprise emission abatement, technology adoption incentives, the aggregate emission and the implement cost of the four environmental policy instruments. Conclusions are as follows： the major influences of enterprise abatement are technology adoption ability and the rigorousness of environmental policy; the major influences of the enterprise violation are the rigorousness of environmental policy and the government monitoring while independent of abatement technology adoption. Prom the technology adoption incentives, pollution standards with perfect compliance is higher than pollution standards with imperfect compliance which is higher than pollution taxes, pollution taxes is equal to abatement subsidies which is higher than tradable emission permit; from the control on the aggregate emission, on the possibility of technology improvements, pollution taxes, abatement subsidies and pollution standards will be the same, however, tradable emission permit is the worst, if the enterprises maintain the current technology, pollution taxes, abatement subsidies, marketable pollution permits and pollution standards will have the same policy effects. From the enforcement cost of different environmental policy instruments, pollution taxes, abatement subsidies and pollution standards are the same, while tradable emission permit will be the lowest in enforcement cost.
