CAJ | 학술논문

客观处罚条件与不法构成要件要素具有排斥关系。在判断后者的类型性特征时需借助客观归责理论。构成要件结果必须是构成要件行为类型性危险的相当性实现。基于此，丢失枪支不报罪中的“严重后果”属于客观处罚条件。在判断不法构成要件要素的违法性特征时，需考察该要素是否为构成要件行为的违法性提供实质根据。依此衡量，“情节严重”中的“严重”、“多次盗窃”中的“多次”、侵犯著作权罪中的“违法所得数额较大”等均是客观处罚条件。积极的客观处罚条件增加需罚性，消极的客观处罚条件减少需罚性，二者均具有限制处罚的机能，不会冲击责任主义。
객관처벌조건여불법구성요건요소구유배척관계。재판단후자적류형성특정시수차조객관귀책이론。구성요건결과필수시구성요건행위류형성위험적상당성실현。기우차，주실창지불보죄중적“엄중후과”속우객관처벌조건。재판단불법구성요건요소적위법성특정시，수고찰해요소시부위구성요건행위적위법성제공실질근거。의차형량，“정절엄중”중적“엄중”、“다차도절”중적“다차”、침범저작권죄중적“위법소득수액교대”등균시객관처벌조건。적겁적객관처벌조건증가수벌성，소겁적객관처벌조건감소수벌성，이자균구유한제처벌적궤능，불회충격책임주의。
Elements of the offense and the objective punishment conditions are mutually exclusive. The elements of the offense have the feature of categorization and that of substantial wrongfulness. The determination of the feature of categorization relies on the theory of objective attribution. In short, the act＇s categorized danger leads to the consequences of offense. When it comes to the identification of substantial wrongfulness, it is necessary to examine whether a certain element provides substantial basis for the wrongfulness of the act in question. In this sense, the ＂aggravating＂ in ＂aggravating circumstances＂ is the appraisal element of the degree of wrongfulness, the ＂ multiple＂ in ＂ multiple larcenies＂ is the statistic element of the wrongfulness, and ＂the substantial amount of illegal proceeds＂ in copyright infringement is just an indirect symbol to represent the degree of wrongfulness. All of them belong to objective punishment conditions. When the legislature sets the objective punishment conditions as the conditions of pursuing criminal liabilities, the objective punishment conditions become an element of the offense in the sense of pursuing criminal liabilities. And when the legislature sets the objective punishment conditions as the conditions of establishing defenses, then the objective punishment conditions become an excuse for exculpation. In this sense, paragraph six of Article 241, paragraph four of Article 201 and the ＂refuse to return＂ in Article 270 all belong to passive objective punishment conditions. Wrongfulness and culpability only indicate punishability, while objective punishment conditions deal with the necessity of punishment. Since they tend to restrain the operation of punishment, objective punishment conditions will not challenge the doctrine of culpability.