洛阳师范学院学报
洛暘師範學院學報
락양사범학원학보
Journal of Luoyang Teachers College
2012年
12期
35~39
,共null页
美国智库 外交决策 影响方式
美國智庫 外交決策 影響方式
미국지고 외교결책 영향방식
U.S. think tank; diplomatic decision-making; ways of impact
20世纪末，在美国国内国际事务日益复杂的大背景下，智库蓬勃发展并且在美国外交决策中担任重要角色。这些智库在具有传统智库特征的同时，也有着自身明显的特色，按职能标准将美国智库分为学术智库、游说智库和合同智库三种。由于美国政府决策的各阶段、各层次决策主体特点的不同，智库有针对性地采取诸如组建专业总统竞选团队、“旋转门”效应、利用大众传媒引导和教育公众、利用人脉和专有渠道举行学术会议、发布会以及午餐会、出版刊物、发布报告提供外交思想和政策建议等方式施加影响。智库对美国外交决策施加多种影响是由美国政治制度、政治传统及智库本身特点决定的。美国智库近年来出现了在数量上不断增加、研究议题多样化、工作网络日益国际化及与政府政策联系日益紧密的趋势，这些趋势使得智库研究外交政策的范围更加广泛。可以预见，美国智库在外交决策研究中的重要性和影响力将在今后进一步增强。
20世紀末，在美國國內國際事務日益複雜的大揹景下，智庫蓬勃髮展併且在美國外交決策中擔任重要角色。這些智庫在具有傳統智庫特徵的同時，也有著自身明顯的特色，按職能標準將美國智庫分為學術智庫、遊說智庫和閤同智庫三種。由于美國政府決策的各階段、各層次決策主體特點的不同，智庫有針對性地採取諸如組建專業總統競選糰隊、“鏇轉門”效應、利用大衆傳媒引導和教育公衆、利用人脈和專有渠道舉行學術會議、髮佈會以及午餐會、齣版刊物、髮佈報告提供外交思想和政策建議等方式施加影響。智庫對美國外交決策施加多種影響是由美國政治製度、政治傳統及智庫本身特點決定的。美國智庫近年來齣現瞭在數量上不斷增加、研究議題多樣化、工作網絡日益國際化及與政府政策聯繫日益緊密的趨勢，這些趨勢使得智庫研究外交政策的範圍更加廣汎。可以預見，美國智庫在外交決策研究中的重要性和影響力將在今後進一步增彊。
20세기말，재미국국내국제사무일익복잡적대배경하，지고봉발발전병차재미국외교결책중담임중요각색。저사지고재구유전통지고특정적동시，야유착자신명현적특색，안직능표준장미국지고분위학술지고、유설지고화합동지고삼충。유우미국정부결책적각계단、각층차결책주체특점적불동，지고유침대성지채취제여조건전업총통경선단대、“선전문”효응、이용대음전매인도화교육공음、이용인맥화전유거도거행학술회의、발포회이급오찬회、출판간물、발포보고제공외교사상화정책건의등방식시가영향。지고대미국외교결책시가다충영향시유미국정치제도、정치전통급지고본신특점결정적。미국지고근년래출현료재수량상불단증가、연구의제다양화、공작망락일익국제화급여정부정책련계일익긴밀적추세，저사추세사득지고연구외교정책적범위경가엄범。가이예견，미국지고재외교결책연구중적중요성화영향력장재금후진일보증강。
In the late 20th century, in the context of increasingl affairs, think tanks were booming and played an important role in U. S. y complicated domestic and international foreign policy decisions. Think tanks did not only have the traditional features, but ＂also their own characteristics; U.S. think tanks can be divided into three kinds according to their functions, i.e. academic think tank, lobbying think tank and contracts think tanks. Due to the different characteristics of the decision-making body in the U.S. government in various stages of the decision- making at all levels, think tanks targeted accordingly, such as the formation of professional presidential campaign team, the ＂revolving door＂ effect, the use of the mass media to guide and educate the public, the use of relations and specia] channels to hold academic conferences, news briefing and luncheon, publications, providing diplomatic ideas and policy recommendations. A variety of impact imposed by the think tank of the U. S. foreign policy decisions is determined by the U.S. political system, the political tradition, and the characteristics of the think tanks. U.S. think tanks in recent years have a trend of increasing in number, the diversification of research topics, etc. which makes the study of foreign policy more extensively. It can be predicted that the importance and influence of the U.S. think tank in foreign policy study will be further enhanced.
