CAJ | 학술논문

百余年来，理论界关于联合生产中“负价值”之论、劳动生产率与价值量变动关系之谜、价值转形之争，以及平均利润率变动规律之疑，都是直接挑战马克思主义劳动价值论的重大理论问题。从现实经济活动出发，以新的假定条件为突破口，运用新的研究方法对这些问题给予重新梳理与深入探讨具有重要的理论价值。这些问题主要包括：（1）如果从环境生产角度考察联合生产，可以发现与“负使用价值”（污染物）相对应的“负价值”的存在并不违反劳动价值论；（2）劳动生产率与商品价值量的关系在不同的社会经济条件下将表现出“成反比”、“成正比”等多种不同状态，这既包含马克思主义经济学的经典解释，也可以分析新时期出现的“成正比”状态；（3）价值转形是一个长期的动态过程，并可能出现多种状态，这将包容价值转形问题百年之争的不同解法；（4）随着不同时期资本有机构成内涵的变动，平均利润率将出现上升、下降和不变三种变动趋势，这恰是资本主义经济危机与繁荣交替的现实表现。
백여년래，이론계관우연합생산중“부개치”지론、노동생산솔여개치량변동관계지미、개치전형지쟁，이급평균리윤솔변동규률지의，도시직접도전마극사주의노동개치론적중대이론문제。종현실경제활동출발，이신적가정조건위돌파구，운용신적연구방법대저사문제급여중신소리여심입탐토구유중요적이론개치。저사문제주요포괄：（1）여과종배경생산각도고찰연합생산，가이발현여“부사용개치”（오염물）상대응적“부개치”적존재병불위반노동개치론；（2）노동생산솔여상품개치량적관계재불동적사회경제조건하장표현출“성반비”、“성정비”등다충불동상태，저기포함마극사주의경제학적경전해석，야가이분석신시기출현적“성정비”상태；（3）개치전형시일개장기적동태과정，병가능출현다충상태，저장포용개치전형문제백년지쟁적불동해법；（4）수착불동시기자본유궤구성내함적변동，평균리윤솔장출현상승、하강화불변삼충변동추세，저흡시자본주의경제위궤여번영교체적현실표현。
More than a century, some major frontiers issues, such as the problem of ＂negative value＂ in joint production, the puzzle of the relation between labor productivity and value magnitude, the debate of value transformation, and the problem of the magnitude of average profit rate, are all challenging Marx＇s labor theory of value directly. Therefore, we use new research methods under new assumptions to analyze important theoretical value of these issues in depth. 1. We could find that the existence of ＂negative value＂ corresponding to pollutants was not in violation of the labor theory of value. 2. Relation between labor productivity and value magnitude displays different states in various socio-economic conditions. 3. Value transformation is a long-term dynamic process and may appear multiple states, which will include different solutions in this centennial debate. 4. The average profit rate will show three changes in trend with the different periods of connotation movement in capital organic composition.