CAJ | 학술논문

矿产品出口政策的调整已成为中国政府亟待解决的难题。文章以焦炭为例从理论和实证两个方面分析了矿产品出口价格扭曲的根源及机理。研究发现，我国焦炭出口价格的扭曲根源于生产环节，属于生产扭曲。焦炭低价出口在本质上是我国以自己的资源成本和环境成本为代价向国外企业提供了隐形补贴。出口关税是补偿两个外部成本，纠正矿产品出口价格扭曲的一个手段．但是一种次优选择，容易引致国际贸易争端。根据扭曲理论，从源头上化解我国矿产品出口所面l临的“避免双重损失与违反WTO规则”之间两难困境的关键是按照两个外部成本内部化的要求对矿产品的定价机制进行市场化改革，矿产品的出口价格应以内化了两个外部成本的市场价格为基础。
광산품출구정책적조정이성위중국정부극대해결적난제。문장이초탄위례종이론화실증량개방면분석료광산품출구개격뉴곡적근원급궤리。연구발현，아국초탄출구개격적뉴곡근원우생산배절，속우생산뉴곡。초탄저개출구재본질상시아국이자기적자원성본화배경성본위대개향국외기업제공료은형보첩。출구관세시보상량개외부성본，규정광산품출구개격뉴곡적일개수단．단시일충차우선택，용역인치국제무역쟁단。근거뉴곡이론，종원두상화해아국광산품출구소면l림적“피면쌍중손실여위반WTO규칙”지간량난곤경적관건시안조량개외부성본내부화적요구대광산품적정개궤제진행시장화개혁，광산품적출구개격응이내화료량개외부성본적시장개격위기출。
The adjustment of the mineral export policy has become a pressing problem for the Chinese government. This paper investigates the cause and mechanism of the price distortion of mineral exports from theoretical and empirical perspectives. It finds that the price distortion of coke exports originates from its production process, and coke exports provide invisible subsidies to foreign companies at the expense of resources and environmental costs. Export tariffs are levied to compensate for two external costs, indicating that export tariffs have become a means of correcting the distorting mineral price. But high tariff revenues as a second-best option can easily lead to international trade disputes. According to the distortion theory, the key of the adjustment of mineral export policy is to reform the pricing mechanism in accordance with the requirement of internalizing external costs. Mineral export prices should be based on market prices which internalize the two external costs.