CAJ | 학술논문

使用面孔任务考察熟练和非熟练中英双语者在不同认知控制成分上的差异。被试为60名大学生。结果表明，熟练中英双语者在抑制控制和转换上的反应时消耗量均显著小于非熟练中英双语者，但在反应抑制上的反应时消耗量与非熟练中英双语者没有显著差异。该结果说明，二语熟练程度越高，中英双语者的认知灵活性和抑制控制就越强；但是二语熟练程度对反应抑制没有明显的影响。由此可以推测，二语学习能促进中英双语者的认知灵活性和抑制控制，但对反应抑制没有明显的促进作用。
사용면공임무고찰숙련화비숙련중영쌍어자재불동인지공제성분상적차이。피시위60명대학생。결과표명，숙련중영쌍어자재억제공제화전환상적반응시소모량균현저소우비숙련중영쌍어자，단재반응억제상적반응시소모량여비숙련중영쌍어자몰유현저차이。해결과설명，이어숙련정도월고，중영쌍어자적인지령활성화억제공제취월강；단시이어숙련정도대반응억제몰유명현적영향。유차가이추측，이어학습능촉진중영쌍어자적인지령활성화억제공제，단대반응억제몰유명현적촉진작용。
A large number of studies have demonstrated the bilinguals＇ advantage in cognitive control, and some researchers have explored the components of cognitive control. However, there are four gaps. （ 1 ） Most studies only examined one or two components of cognitive control. Few studies clearly defined cognitive control and systematically compared these components between non-proficient bilinguals and proficient bilinguals. （2） Compared with non-proficient bilinguals, do proficient bilinguals ＇also have advantages in some components of cognitive control？（ 3 ） Is the influence of bilingualism on some components of cognitive control in bilingual children consistent with that in bilingual adults？（4） Are existing results suitable for Chinese-English bilinguals？ The present study aims at answering these questions. Thirty non-proficient Chinese-English bilinguals and thirty proficient Chinese-English bilinguals were asked to administer the ＂faces task＂. All the participants were adults. Before the task, they finished the Raven Intelligence Test, culture, ethnic background and social economic status （SES） survey to eliminate the influence of some irrelevant variables. In the face task, the colored eyes could be looking either straight ahead or towards one of the two boxes, creating the straight eyes task and the gaze shift task. The participants should press the key on the same side as the box containing the asterisk if the eyes turned green and the opposite side if the eyes turned red. Inhibitory control was assessed by the difference in RT between trials in which the eyes looked towards the target and those in which the eyes looked away from the target in the gaze shift task. The results showed that the non-proficient Chinese-English bilinguals produced a larger cost than the proficient Chinese-English bilinguals, t（57） = 2. 107, p = . 040. Cognitive flexibility was assessed by the difference between mixed and single block presentations. The results showed that the non-proflcient Chinese-English bilinguals produced a larger cost than the proficient Chinese-English bilinguals, t （57） = 2. 006 ,p = . 050. Response suppression was assessed by the difference between red and green eye trials. The results showed that the difference between the two groups was not significant, t （57） = .964,p = .339. These results demonstrated that compared with the non-proficient Chinese-English bilinguals, the proficient Chinese-English bilinguals had advantages in inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, but not in switching. Bilingualism contributes to inhibitory control and switching, but hardly facilitate response suppression. These results not only enrich the existing studies on bilingualism, but also help us understand the different effects of bilingualism on components of cognitive control.