财贸经济
財貿經濟
재무경제
Finance & Trade Economics
2012年
12期
78~86
,共null页
锁定效应 代工 产业升级 制造业 价值链
鎖定效應 代工 產業升級 製造業 價值鏈
쇄정효응 대공 산업승급 제조업 개치련
Lock-in Effect, Subcontracting, Industrial Upgrading, Manufacturing, Value Chain
以代工模式嵌入全球价值链，是后进国家实现工业化的有效战略和重要途径，但可能因锁定效应而不利于经济可持续发展与产业升级。本文首先从投入、需求与功能三个维度将代工产业的锁定效应分解为要素锁定效应、市场锁定效应和价值链锁定效应，进而利用2001—2008年中国制造业分行业面板数据，实证研究了国际代工模式下不同要素密集型产业的锁定效应。结果显示：劳动密集型制造业表现出要素锁定效应和市场锁定效应，资本密集型、技术密集型制造业则兼具上述三种锁定效应；外资代工促成了劳动密集型制造业的锁定效应，全球价值链分工因素对资本密集型制造业具有“双刃剑”作用，对技术密集型制造业则具有显著的锁定效应；工资水平对劳动密集型制造业的锁定效应具有显著影响，资本密集型制造业的锁定效应与工资水平、规模经济和创新强度显著相关，技术密集型制造业的锁定效应则受到创新强度和外部制度因素的显著影响。本文结论意味着不同类型的产业升级应当采取差异化的政策措施。
以代工模式嵌入全毬價值鏈，是後進國傢實現工業化的有效戰略和重要途徑，但可能因鎖定效應而不利于經濟可持續髮展與產業升級。本文首先從投入、需求與功能三箇維度將代工產業的鎖定效應分解為要素鎖定效應、市場鎖定效應和價值鏈鎖定效應，進而利用2001—2008年中國製造業分行業麵闆數據，實證研究瞭國際代工模式下不同要素密集型產業的鎖定效應。結果顯示：勞動密集型製造業錶現齣要素鎖定效應和市場鎖定效應，資本密集型、技術密集型製造業則兼具上述三種鎖定效應；外資代工促成瞭勞動密集型製造業的鎖定效應，全毬價值鏈分工因素對資本密集型製造業具有“雙刃劍”作用，對技術密集型製造業則具有顯著的鎖定效應；工資水平對勞動密集型製造業的鎖定效應具有顯著影響，資本密集型製造業的鎖定效應與工資水平、規模經濟和創新彊度顯著相關，技術密集型製造業的鎖定效應則受到創新彊度和外部製度因素的顯著影響。本文結論意味著不同類型的產業升級應噹採取差異化的政策措施。
이대공모식감입전구개치련，시후진국가실현공업화적유효전략화중요도경，단가능인쇄정효응이불리우경제가지속발전여산업승급。본문수선종투입、수구여공능삼개유도장대공산업적쇄정효응분해위요소쇄정효응、시장쇄정효응화개치련쇄정효응，진이이용2001—2008년중국제조업분행업면판수거，실증연구료국제대공모식하불동요소밀집형산업적쇄정효응。결과현시：노동밀집형제조업표현출요소쇄정효응화시장쇄정효응，자본밀집형、기술밀집형제조업칙겸구상술삼충쇄정효응；외자대공촉성료노동밀집형제조업적쇄정효응，전구개치련분공인소대자본밀집형제조업구유“쌍인검”작용，대기술밀집형제조업칙구유현저적쇄정효응；공자수평대노동밀집형제조업적쇄정효응구유현저영향，자본밀집형제조업적쇄정효응여공자수평、규모경제화창신강도현저상관，기술밀집형제조업적쇄정효응칙수도창신강도화외부제도인소적현저영향。본문결론의미착불동류형적산업승급응당채취차이화적정책조시。
Joining Global Value Chain （GVC） with subcontracting mode is an effective strategy and important way of industrialization for latecomers, but may go against sustainable economic development and industrial upgrading due to lock-in effect. With the three dimensions of input, demand and function, the paper decomposes the lock-in effect of subcontracting industries into factor lock-in effect, market lock--in effect and the value chain lock-in effect. Lock-in effects of different factor-intensive industries with international subcontracting are empirically studied by using the panel data of Chinese manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2008. The results show that： （1） Labor-intensive manufacturing reflects factor/market lock-in effect, while capital- intensive and technology-intensive manufacturing manifest the above three types of lock-in effect. （2））FDI subcontracting brings the lock-in effect of labor-intensive manufacturing, while GVC division may cut both ways on capital-intensive manufacturing and an obvious lock-in effect on technology-intensive manufacturing. （3） Wage level significantly influences the lock-in effect of labor-intensive manufacturing, while lock-in effect of capital-intensive manufacturing is significantly correlated with wage level, economies of scale, and innovation intensity, and that of technology-intensive manufacturing is significantly affected by innovation intensity and external institutional factors. The eonclusion means that differentiated policies and countermeasures should be enacted for different types of industrial upgrading.
