CAJ | 학술논문

教育中存在的“国家主义问题”是不同国家遭遇功利教育的共同根源，要克服功利教育就需要一种明确支持合理分配教育权威以及确定国家干预教育的合理限度的民主教育理论。杜威的民主教育理论批判性地分析了教育中的“国家主义问题”，但他并未为教育权威的分配提供具体见解；努斯鲍姆声称解决这一困境的出路是，功利教育必须向民主教育转型，但遗憾的是，她并末在学理上分析这一转型的涵义、机制以及可能性；古特曼的审议民主教育理论使得教育权威在国家、地方政府、学校和家庭等主体之间的合理分配成为可能，并且支持就教育公共事务相关的道德分歧以公民审议的方式达成各方都可接受的公平条款和原则，从而避免教育中过度的国家主义问题。但是，他（她）们的理论都没有彻底解决“国家主义教育之合理事实”与“作为目的的教育之光辉理想”之间的矛盾，而只能在两者之间取得某种平衡。
교육중존재적“국가주의문제”시불동국가조우공리교육적공동근원，요극복공리교육취수요일충명학지지합리분배교육권위이급학정국가간예교육적합리한도적민주교육이론。두위적민주교육이론비판성지분석료교육중적“국가주의문제”，단타병미위교육권위적분배제공구체견해；노사포모성칭해결저일곤경적출로시，공리교육필수향민주교육전형，단유감적시，저병말재학리상분석저일전형적함의、궤제이급가능성；고특만적심의민주교육이론사득교육권위재국가、지방정부、학교화가정등주체지간적합리분배성위가능，병차지지취교육공공사무상관적도덕분기이공민심의적방식체성각방도가접수적공평조관화원칙，종이피면교육중과도적국가주의문제。단시，타（저）문적이론도몰유철저해결“국가주의교육지합리사실”여“작위목적적교육지광휘이상”지간적모순，이지능재량자지간취득모충평형。
It is the Nationalism in education that leads to utilitarian Education encountered by many countries. To address utilitarian Education, a kind of democratic education theory which can definitely support the distribution of educational authority and define the reasonable level of state＇s interference is needed. Dewey＇s theory of democratic education critically analyzed the Nationalism in education, but he did not demonstrate how the educational authority should be distributed. Nussbaum claimed the solution of this crisis was to transform utilitarian Education into democratic Education, but she never gave any theo retical analysis on the meaning, mechanism and possibilities of this transformation. Gutmann＇s theory of deliberative democratic education provides the possibility of distributing the educational authority among the State, local government, schools and families, and supports the achievements of fair principles accept ed by all parties on the moral disagreements of educational public affairs through civic deliberation, which can avoids the excessive nationalism in education. Their theories cannot thoroughly resolve the conflict be- tween the reasonable fact of nationalistic education and the brilliant idea of education as aims but only ob- tain equilibrium between the two.