安徽行政学院学报
安徽行政學院學報
안휘행정학원학보
Rural Economy
2012年
4期
86~93
,共null页
慈善事业 观念基础 政策生态 组织格局
慈善事業 觀唸基礎 政策生態 組織格跼
자선사업 관념기출 정책생태 조직격국
charity; foundation of idea; environment of policy; structure of organization
文章从观念、政策和组织三个维度对当前中国慈善事业的运行基础做了深入剖析。研究认为，经过近20年的发展，中国慈善事业取得了显著成效。然而，不难看到，其尚处于起步阶段，观念、政策和组织都存在明显缺陷。客观地讲，国人慈善观念尚未固化，并随社会思潮呈现摇摆多元态势。与之对应，政策在慈善事业的市场和社会准入问题上审慎而犹疑。这种有限取向，在引致种种慈善乱象的同时，业已无法适应国内日益旺盛的慈善需求。尽管2010年以来，中央及部分地区频频出台各种利好政策，但慈善发展的政策环境依旧不容乐观。在国家让渡出的有限空间中，行政化路径仍是慈善落实的主流选择。市场化和社会化逻辑虽做部分探索，但或多或少都面临着合法性及可持续困局，各种社会争议也总是如影随形。区别于李昌平等所倡导的由“垄断慈善”走向“竞争慈善”，政策演进的现实性和复杂性提醒我们：慈善事业由国家而社会的转移并不顺利。中国慈善事业迎来的将是一个垄断与竞争长期并存的双轨时期。
文章從觀唸、政策和組織三箇維度對噹前中國慈善事業的運行基礎做瞭深入剖析。研究認為，經過近20年的髮展，中國慈善事業取得瞭顯著成效。然而，不難看到，其尚處于起步階段，觀唸、政策和組織都存在明顯缺陷。客觀地講，國人慈善觀唸尚未固化，併隨社會思潮呈現搖襬多元態勢。與之對應，政策在慈善事業的市場和社會準入問題上審慎而猶疑。這種有限取嚮，在引緻種種慈善亂象的同時，業已無法適應國內日益旺盛的慈善需求。儘管2010年以來，中央及部分地區頻頻齣檯各種利好政策，但慈善髮展的政策環境依舊不容樂觀。在國傢讓渡齣的有限空間中，行政化路徑仍是慈善落實的主流選擇。市場化和社會化邏輯雖做部分探索，但或多或少都麵臨著閤法性及可持續睏跼，各種社會爭議也總是如影隨形。區彆于李昌平等所倡導的由“壟斷慈善”走嚮“競爭慈善”，政策縯進的現實性和複雜性提醒我們：慈善事業由國傢而社會的轉移併不順利。中國慈善事業迎來的將是一箇壟斷與競爭長期併存的雙軌時期。
문장종관념、정책화조직삼개유도대당전중국자선사업적운행기출주료심입부석。연구인위，경과근20년적발전，중국자선사업취득료현저성효。연이，불난간도，기상처우기보계단，관념、정책화조직도존재명현결함。객관지강，국인자선관념상미고화，병수사회사조정현요파다원태세。여지대응，정책재자선사업적시장화사회준입문제상심신이유의。저충유한취향，재인치충충자선난상적동시，업이무법괄응국내일익왕성적자선수구。진관2010년이래，중앙급부분지구빈빈출태각충리호정책，단자선발전적정책배경의구불용악관。재국가양도출적유한공간중，행정화로경잉시자선락실적주류선택。시장화화사회화라집수주부분탐색，단혹다혹소도면림착합법성급가지속곤국，각충사회쟁의야총시여영수형。구별우리창평등소창도적유“롱단자선”주향“경쟁자선”，정책연진적현실성화복잡성제성아문：자선사업유국가이사회적전이병불순리。중국자선사업영래적장시일개롱단여경쟁장기병존적쌍궤시기。
The paper tries to deeply analyze operation foundation of China charity from three perspectives of idea, policy and organization. The study shows that China charity has made a great progress in last 20 years, but still in its start stage. Because it is easily found that ideas, policies and organizations have obvious defects. Objectively speaking, Chinese ideology of charity, not stable, takes on multiple trends as ethos develop. Correspondingly, cautious and hesitation are characteristic of policies on charity market and social access, which causes kinds of chaos in charity as well as unsatisfied charitable demands. Although central government and some areas frequently introduce sorts of positive policies since 2010, the political environment for China charity is still not optimistic. Within the limited range allowed by government at all levels, ways of administration are still the main trends of charity practice. Though marketizaion and socialization are also being probed, they still confront crisis from legitimacy and sustainability as well as social controversy everywhere. Different from the viewpoint of monopoly charity moving toward competition charity proposed by Li Changping and so on. We based on the reality and complex of policy evolution, believe that the transformation of China charity from government to society is not smooth. China＇ s charity will face a double-track stage of long coexistence between competition and monopoly.
