CAJ | 학술논문

本文系统梳理了社会学领域中具有代表性的几项产权研究，试图从占有、经营、治理三个经典理论概念出发来分析乡镇企业的生成结构和运行机制。文章指出，乡镇企业在占有关系上汇合了公有制、共有制和私有制等多重因素；在经营关系上则充分利用双轨制的体制环境，将土地承包、企业承包经营和财政包干结合起来；在治理关系上将体制的、知识的和民情的等多向度的治理机制相融合，解放了家庭、宗族、习俗等各种传统资源，并以此寻求实践中的改革与创造。乡镇企业作为社会运行的多重因素和多重环节的交集点，不仅蕴涵着丰富的制度创新空间，也充分反映出改革时代的制度精神。
본문계통소리료사회학영역중구유대표성적궤항산권연구，시도종점유、경영、치리삼개경전이론개념출발래분석향진기업적생성결구화운행궤제。문장지출，향진기업재점유관계상회합료공유제、공유제화사유제등다중인소；재경영관계상칙충분이용쌍궤제적체제배경，장토지승포、기업승포경영화재정포간결합기래；재치리관계상장체제적、지식적화민정적등다향도적치리궤제상융합，해방료가정、종족、습속등각충전통자원，병이차심구실천중적개혁여창조。향진기업작위사회운행적다중인소화다중배절적교집점，불부온함착봉부적제도창신공간，야충분반영출개혁시대적제도정신。
Through the review of the representative sociological studies on ownership of town and township enterprises, this article attempts to use three classical theoretical concepts of possession, operation, and governance to analyze the formative and the operational mechanisms of town and township enterprises. In the aspect of possession, these enterprises compromise different elements of public, common and private ownerships. In the aspect of operation, they utilize land contracts, enterprise contracts and the financial responsibility system in the institutional context of the two-track regime. In theaspect of governance, they fuse different mechanisms of the institutional, knowledge, and mores dimensions together, and free the traditional familial, kinship linkage, and customary resources for reform and creativity in the praetice. As key position of social process of multiple elements and moments, town and township enterprises not only provide opportunities for institutional innovations, but also embody the institutional spirit of reform period, which combines tradition, regime, and new market mechanism, and provides an enriched process of social development. This framework returning on the classical social theories will be conductive to reflection on the other phenomenon of organizational and institutional change in social and economical reform.