CAJ | 학술논문

针对二元劳动力市场分割和特殊的转型经济背景，本文将外商直接投资、人力资本和农村剩余劳动力同时纳入新古典一般均衡的分析框架。理论分析表明，外商直接投资通过提高农村剩余劳动力的边际收益和改变高、低素质剩余劳动力的供给量，从而改变劳动力市场的供需均衡水平。进一步的实证研究发现，外商直接投资对农村剩余劳动力的转移就业具有显著的正向促进作用，但东部地区外商直接投资的就业吸纳作用要明显大于中西部地区。人力资本对农村剩余劳动力转移的影响效应具有明显的“U型”曲线特征，东部地区异质型人力资本的“门槛值”为7．46年，而中西部地区相应的“门槛值”为5．88年。在经济转型的现实背景下，充分利用外资产业梯度转移的战略机遇和发挥“干中学效应”加快人力资本积累，将是中国在未来解决农村剩余劳动力就业问题和实施劳动力资源“二次开发”的必然选择。
침대이원노동력시장분할화특수적전형경제배경，본문장외상직접투자、인력자본화농촌잉여노동력동시납입신고전일반균형적분석광가。이론분석표명，외상직접투자통과제고농촌잉여노동력적변제수익화개변고、저소질잉여노동력적공급량，종이개변노동력시장적공수균형수평。진일보적실증연구발현，외상직접투자대농촌잉여노동력적전이취업구유현저적정향촉진작용，단동부지구외상직접투자적취업흡납작용요명현대우중서부지구。인력자본대농촌잉여노동력전이적영향효응구유명현적“U형”곡선특정，동부지구이질형인력자본적“문함치”위7．46년，이중서부지구상응적“문함치”위5．88년。재경제전형적현실배경하，충분이용외자산업제도전이적전략궤우화발휘“간중학효응”가쾌인력자본적루，장시중국재미래해결농촌잉여노동력취업문제화실시노동력자원“이차개발”적필연선택。
Under the special background of dual labor market segmentation and the transition economies, this paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework based on the developmental neo-classical general equilibrium which includes foreign direct investment, human capital and transfer of redundant rural labor force. Theoretical research shows that FDI can change the equilibrium level of labor market by improving labor marginal benefit and labor supplies. Further empirical study finds that foreign direct investment has significant positive impacts on the transfer of redundant rural labor force. The effect in eastern region is significantly larger than that in central and western regions of China. The relationship between human capital and transfer of redundant rural labor force shows significant ＂U-shape＂, the ＂threshold value＂ of idiosyncratic human capital in eastern region is 7.46 years, while that in central and western regions is 5.88 years. In order to solve the employment of redundant rural labor force and ＂secondary development＂ of labor resources, foreign industrial gradient transfer should be fully used in the context of economic restructuring, while ＂learning by doing effect＂ can accelerate the accumulation of human capital in the future.