国际商务研究
國際商務研究
국제상무연구
International Business Research
2013年
1期
47~62
,共null页
原材料 出口关税 出口配额 中国入世议定书 GATT1994第20（b）和（g）条
原材料 齣口關稅 齣口配額 中國入世議定書 GATT1994第20（b）和（g）條
원재료 출구관세 출구배액 중국입세의정서 GATT1994제20（b）화（g）조
European Union ; globalization adjustment fund; employment
“中国原材料出口措施案”是继“中美轮胎特保案”败诉后的又一个中方败诉案。中国被指控对9种原材料实施出口限制措施违反《中国“入世”议定书55和GATT等相关义务，而中国则以实施出口限制措施是为了保护人类及动植物的生命或健康，保护环境和自然资源为由援引GATT第20（b）和（囝条作为抗辩依据。令人遗憾的是，专家组对本案相关条文均采用了刻板与严苛的解释，裁决结果对中国十分不利。然而，中国举证不足和中国“入世”法律文件及国内相关立法与政策存在的诸多问题，值得我们总结和反思，只有这样，才能有效应对未来的WTO诉讼。
“中國原材料齣口措施案”是繼“中美輪胎特保案”敗訴後的又一箇中方敗訴案。中國被指控對9種原材料實施齣口限製措施違反《中國“入世”議定書55和GATT等相關義務，而中國則以實施齣口限製措施是為瞭保護人類及動植物的生命或健康，保護環境和自然資源為由援引GATT第20（b）和（囝條作為抗辯依據。令人遺憾的是，專傢組對本案相關條文均採用瞭刻闆與嚴苛的解釋，裁決結果對中國十分不利。然而，中國舉證不足和中國“入世”法律文件及國內相關立法與政策存在的諸多問題，值得我們總結和反思，隻有這樣，纔能有效應對未來的WTO訴訟。
“중국원재료출구조시안”시계“중미륜태특보안”패소후적우일개중방패소안。중국피지공대9충원재료실시출구한제조시위반《중국“입세”의정서55화GATT등상관의무，이중국칙이실시출구한제조시시위료보호인류급동식물적생명혹건강，보호배경화자연자원위유원인GATT제20（b）화（건조작위항변의거。령인유감적시，전가조대본안상관조문균채용료각판여엄가적해석，재결결과대중국십분불리。연이，중국거증불족화중국“입세”법률문건급국내상관입법여정책존재적제다문제，치득아문총결화반사，지유저양，재능유효응대미래적WTO소송。
The European Globalization Adjustment Fund （ EGF ） was established in 2007 by EU in the course of the European Employment Strategy. It is a labor market adjustment assistance policy, drawing on the successful experience of the U.S. Trade Adjustment Assistance Program. As an important supplement to the Structural Fund, particularly the European Social Fund, EGF has the following features： suddenness of the causes, specificity of triggering conditions and temporality of assisting measures. This paper examines the EGF operation during the years from 2007 to 2011 and concludes that： （ 1 ） the majority of the assistance was aimed at the unemployment caused by the global financial crisis since 2008; （ 2 ） the member states and the industrial sectors applying for assistance were highly concentrated; （ 3 ） the amount of yearly expenditure was lower than the budget and focused on certain measures; （ 4 ） the current average reemployment rate was low and differentiated but its long trend is optimistic.
