CAJ | 학술논문

采用go／no-go范式改进的Simon任务来考察非反应手的状态对Simon效应性质的影响。结果发现：实验一要求非反应手放在除了反应键盘和桌面之外的任何位置，不会产生Simon效应；实验二要求非反应手放在桌面的固定位置，产生的Simon效应随反应时增大而减小，即视觉运动Simon效应；实验三要求非反应手放在固定的非反应键上，产生的Simon效应却随反应时增大而增大，即认知Simon效应。这说明非反应手状态能影响Simon效应的性质。
채용go／no-go범식개진적Simon임무래고찰비반응수적상태대Simon효응성질적영향。결과발현：실험일요구비반응수방재제료반응건반화탁면지외적임하위치，불회산생Simon효응；실험이요구비반응수방재탁면적고정위치，산생적Simon효응수반응시증대이감소，즉시각운동Simon효응；실험삼요구비반응수방재고정적비반응건상，산생적Simon효응각수반응시증대이증대，즉인지Simon효응。저설명비반응수상태능영향Simon효응적성질。
The Simon effect arises if a spatial response feature is used to represent one or more responses in working memory. Previous studies have found that the go/no -go task, in which stimuli are the same as the standard Simon task, generates the Simon effect only when the participants use the spatial feature to represent response by referring to the location of the nonresponding hand. However, the participants can select flexibly the reference frame for action according to sensory context. Further, the reference frame determines whether spatial anatomical code or the cognitive spatial code is used to represent the one response in the go/no - go task. Thus, we believe that sensory context of the nonresponding hand may affect the nature of the Simon effect in the go/no - go task. If the spatial anatomical code is used to represent the response, then the visuomotor Simon effect may arise; if the cognitive spatial code is used, then the cognitive Simon effect may arise. To explore the hypothesis, we implemented three experiments. In the experiments, the stimuli were red or green squares presented in left or right physical locations. Participants were instructed to perform a spatial response to one color and refrain from responding to another color. But the status of the nonresponding hand were different. Specifically, in Experiment 1, the participants were only required to press one key by index finger of one hand and put the nonresponding hand on any place except the desk and keyboard ; in Experiment 2, the participants were asked to put their nonresponding hand on a fixed location of the desktop; in Experiment 3, the participants were instructed to put their nonresponding hand on a fixed key （ e. g. , if the response key was ＂Z＂ then put the nonresponding hand on ＂/＂, and vice versa）. Moreover, if the Simon effects was obtained in the experiments, we would further explore the different mechanism of Simon effect with reaction time （RT） distribution analysis. To that end, the correct RTs of each participant were vincentized in separate experimental condition （ i. e. rank - ordered RTs were divided into equally sized quantiles, and the mean RTs were grouped into equally spaced quantiles）. The results showed that in Experiment 1, the Simon effect was not obtained, F（ 1, 21 ） =. 39, p =. 54, while it was obtained in Experiment 2 （F（ 1, 20） = 8.48, p 〈. 01 ） and in Experiment 3 （F（1,25） = 10. 93, p 〈. 01 ）. Moreover, the RT distribution analysis showed that the size of Simon effect in Experiment 2 was rather stable from the first to fourth quantile but disappeared in the fifth quantile, and it increased from the first to the fifth quantile in Experiment 3. The results demonstrate that representing the response by the spatial feature is the prerequisite for the generation of the Simon effect. Moreover, the results implied that the nature of the Simon effect relies on the sensory context of the nonresponding hand.