CAJ | 학술논문

侵权免责事由是行为人承担民事责任的消极要件，在侵权法已有的免责事由评价与认定机制中导入民事政策，有助于弥补侵权法固有的滞后性并建立类型化所需的配套规则。通过影响违法性判断中的利益衡量标准，民事政策可以“量化”特殊侵权责任的免责事由。政策性免责事由的提炼，能够促使运行中的侵权法跨越法律规则实然与应然之间的沟壑，民事政策还可以成为避免责任泛化的“水闸”。民事政策对侵权免责事由的调试与配置是一个动态的曲线过程，侵权法律制度与民事政策之间的良性互动，是侵权免责事由评价机制得以公正、高效运行的途径之一。
침권면책사유시행위인승담민사책임적소겁요건，재침권법이유적면책사유평개여인정궤제중도입민사정책，유조우미보침권법고유적체후성병건립류형화소수적배투규칙。통과영향위법성판단중적이익형량표준，민사정책가이“양화”특수침권책임적면책사유。정책성면책사유적제련，능구촉사운행중적침권법과월법률규칙실연여응연지간적구학，민사정책환가이성위피면책임범화적“수갑”。민사정책대침권면책사유적조시여배치시일개동태적곡선과정，침권법률제도여민사정책지간적량성호동，시침권면책사유평개궤제득이공정、고효운행적도경지일。
The exemption excuses of Tort liability are the negative factors for tortfeasors to spare of civil liability. In Tort Law, there are policies acted as evaluating and affirming mechanisms to ex- empt the tort liability, which will make up to the intrinsic hysteretic nature of Tort Law, and will es- tablish the outfit rules that standardize process. Via impacting its influences upon benefit weight stan- dards, civil policy can ＂quantize＂ the specific exemption excuses. Refining the relief excuses by poli- cy can deduce the barriers between should-be and ought-to-be in the legal sections, at the same time, avoid the unlimited expansion of responsibilities. The adjustment and collocation between civil policies and exemption excuses are dynamic procedures, during which the positive interaction is one of the most justifiable and the most feasible means to achieve the efficient goal of evaluation system of Tort liability＇s exemption excuses.