CAJ | 학술논문

对全国31个地区175所普通高校47170名2007级大一新生进行的调查及对其中部分学生的跟踪调查显示，当前我国绝大多数大学生选择专业都注重学习兴趣和就业前景等重要因素，表现出选择过程的理性；但其选择的实现和对就读专业的满意度都不尽如人意，尤其是50％以上的大学生对所学专业的满意度评价未达到“满意”水平，这就形成了过程理性与结果理性的冲突。为协调这一冲突，高等学校需要调整专业选择机制，增强专业设置和招生与学生需求的适应性，引导学生加强对自身职业生涯的规划，促使学生选择专业的结果达到理性的目标。
대전국31개지구175소보통고교47170명2007급대일신생진행적조사급대기중부분학생적근종조사현시，당전아국절대다수대학생선택전업도주중학습흥취화취업전경등중요인소，표현출선택과정적이성；단기선택적실현화대취독전업적만의도도불진여인의，우기시50％이상적대학생대소학전업적만의도평개미체도“만의”수평，저취형성료과정이성여결과이성적충돌。위협조저일충돌，고등학교수요조정전업선택궤제，증강전업설치화초생여학생수구적괄응성，인도학생가강대자신직업생애적규화，촉사학생선택전업적결과체도이성적목표。
The results of a survey on 47,170 freshmen and some sophomores in 175 higher education institutions in 31 regions of China demonstrate that most Chinese college students are concerned about the interests in learning and employment prospects when they choose their majors, which shows the procedural rationality, but the outcomes in their major choices and satisfaction are not acceptable. More than 50% of college students are not satisfied with their majors in particular, and conflicts between procedural rationality and substantive rationality develop. To coordinate the conflicts, colleges and universities need to modify the mechanism for the choice of major, improve the suitability of major setting, recruit students according to their needs, guide students in their career planning, and promote the results of major choice to meet the rational targets.