CAJ | 학술논문

日本校车制度是为了保障义务教育就学条件和儿童的人身安全、提高边远偏僻地区学校教育质量、实现儿童受教育机会均等这一基本理念而产生和发展的。日本的《偏僻地区教育振兴法》等法律明确规定了何种条件下必须提供校车或其他交通工具，规定了中央政府和地方政府经费的分担比例。依据《地方交付税法》，地方政府可以获得校车运营管理经费的返还。专用校车运营的方式多样，主要有地方政府直接运营管理的“直营型”、委托民间企业管理的“委托型”、家长委员会等组织接受政府资助的“运营支援型”和不接受政府资助的“独立核算型”。
일본교차제도시위료보장의무교육취학조건화인동적인신안전、제고변원편벽지구학교교육질량、실현인동수교육궤회균등저일기본이념이산생화발전적。일본적《편벽지구교육진흥법》등법률명학규정료하충조건하필수제공교차혹기타교통공구，규정료중앙정부화지방정부경비적분담비례。의거《지방교부세법》，지방정부가이획득교차운영관리경비적반환。전용교차운영적방식다양，주요유지방정부직접운영관리적“직영형”、위탁민간기업관리적“위탁형”、가장위원회등조직접수정부자조적“운영지원형”화불접수정부자조적“독립핵산형”。
Japanese school bus system are based on the idea to guarantee the schooling conditions of compul-sory education and children＇s safety, to improve the education quality of the schools in remote areas, and realize children＇s equal rights to education. Japanese laws, such as the Law of Promoting Education in Remote Areas, Local Allocation Tax Law, specified the conditions and the funding share between the central government and lo- cal government, etc. There are several operation types of school bus in Japan, the ＂Direct Type＂ is run by the lo-cal government directly, the ＂Delegate Type＂ is managed by delegated private company, the ＂Support Type＂ is managed by some organizations ＂Independent Accounting Type＂（the parents committee, etc.） and sponsored by the local government, and the is run by the organizations without governmental funding support.