CAJ | 학술논문

转型时期我国经济运行中出现的行业垄断大多属于凭借行政权力获取市场寡占地位的行政性垄断，并且国有经济比重越高的行业，行政性垄断色彩越浓厚，越能够凭借行政力量和垄断地位获得高额垄断利润。近年来，垄断行业职工平均收入的环比增长率总体上高于全国平均水平，我国行业收入差距仍在逐步扩大，并且成为扩大居民收入差距的主要因素。垄断行业的过高收入以及垄断行业与其他行业之间收入差距扩大问题已成为社会各界关注的焦点。对我国行业收入差距进行反事实分析可以发现，垄断行业的过高收入水平导致我国行业收入差距上升了27．2％。采刚PCSE方法回归分析的结果显示，行政性垄断是导致行业收入差距扩大的主要因素。打破行政性垄断，降低行业进入壁垒，形成市场竞争格局，是缩小行业收入差距有效举措。
전형시기아국경제운행중출현적행업롱단대다속우빙차행정권력획취시장과점지위적행정성롱단，병차국유경제비중월고적행업，행정성롱단색채월농후，월능구빙차행정역량화롱단지위획득고액롱단리윤。근년래，롱단행업직공평균수입적배비증장솔총체상고우전국평균수평，아국행업수입차거잉재축보확대，병차성위확대거민수입차거적주요인소。롱단행업적과고수입이급롱단행업여기타행업지간수입차거확대문제이성위사회각계관주적초점。대아국행업수입차거진행반사실분석가이발현，롱단행업적과고수입수평도치아국행업수입차거상승료27．2％。채강PCSE방법회귀분석적결과현시，행정성롱단시도치행업수입차거확대적주요인소。타파행정성롱단，강저행업진입벽루，형성시장경쟁격국，시축소행업수입차거유효거조。
As a special phenomenon in transitional economy, administrative monopoly relies on public power to practice industry exclusion or blockade to regional markets which often result to unequal income distribution in Chi-na. Most of the monopoly industries in China get the dominant market position by relying on the administrative pow-ers from the governments during the period of transition. If the proportion of state - owned economy in the industry is higher and the stronger color of administrative monopoly it has, it can earn higher monopoly profits by using ad-ministrative powers and monopoly position. High income in the monopoly industries and the widening income gap between the monopoly industries and the competitive industries have become the focus of public attention. The em-pirical analysis in this paper shows that the industry income gap has gradually expanded in recent years; the annual growth rate of average income of employees in monopoly industries is higher than the national average. 2003 - 2010, the industry which had the lowest level of workers＇ average income among the monopoly industries was the railway transport industry which was ￥31,319 RMB and the industry which had the highest level of workers＇ aver-age income among the competitive industries was the accommodation and catering industry which was ￥20,382 RMB. That means that even the industry which had the lowest levels of the workers＇ average income in monopoly industries was 1.54 times higher than the highest industry in the competitive industries. 2003 - 2010, the highest level of workers＇ average income industry in the monopoly industries was the air transport industry which was ￥ 91, 913 RMB and the less average income industry in the competitive industries was agricultural, forestry, animal hus-bandry and fishery industry which was ￥ 16,717RMB. The gap between the two industries was 5.5 times. Moreo-ver, these revenues have not taken into account the level of welfare of workers. The hidden income and benefits of workers in the administrative monopoly industries were far higher than the competitive industries＇ in China. Con- sidering the hidden income and benefits, the gap between the two kinds of industries would be more amazing. The ring growth rate of the workers＇ average income in the administrative monopoly industries was higher than the na-tional average and the competitive industries in most years. This phenomenon suggests that the gap of the level of workers＇ income between China＇s administrative monopoly industries and the competitive industries exists for a long time and gradually expanded. Counterfactual analysis of industry income gap reveals that the excessive level of mo-nopoly industries leaded the whole industrial income gap to increase about 27.2%. 1990 - 2008, the Gini coeffi-cient of industry income gap in China jumped from 0. 067 to 0. 181, expanded nearly twice and the annual growth rate was 6.5% while Gini coefficient of the residents＇ income all over the country was only increased 1.5% in the same period. The empirical analysis by PCSE method finds that the administrative monopoly was the major factor which extended the gap of industry income. The corresponding relationship between the industry wages and the de-gree of the ownership monopoly was obviously exiting in China. There is a high degree of positive correlation be- tween the level of the industry wage and the degree of administrative monopoly, and 56. 89% of the inter-industry wage differences can be explained by the different levels of the administrative monopoly. There was also a signifi-cant correlation between the wage level of the state-owned units and the degree of their administrative monopoly, and 58.75% of the wage differences can be explained by the degree of administrative monopoly of these industries. These facts showed that administrative monopoly is the main factor that led to the industry wage differentials and the income gap between the two kinds of industries. Breaking the administrative monopoly, reducing the entry barriers of the monopoly industries, protecting the market competition are effective measures to reduce the industry income gap.