清史研究
清史研究
청사연구
Studies in Qing History
2013年
1期
13~23
,共null页
魏际瑞 出隐 游幕 悖论性生存
魏際瑞 齣隱 遊幕 悖論性生存
위제서 출은 유막 패론성생존
明清鼎革之际,汉族士大夫陷入了前所未有的思想困境。殉死者以一种桀骜的姿态为世人所赞颂,然而对于生者来说,如何＂生＂却成为困扰他们的焦点问题。在艰难的抉择中,有人抱志守节,赍志山野,是为遗民;亦有人徘徊于＂出＂＂隐＂之间,如魏际瑞之辗转于清幕。其志节虽为人所不齿,但又恰恰藉游幕的机会得以践履他们的＂经世＂理想。于是,一方面为自己之＂出＂而愧疚不安,另一方面,又为有机会实现经世理想而兴奋;一方面在贬责那些＂肥遁＂而不问世事的所谓高隐,另一方面又有着强烈的归隐愿望,这正造成了鼎革之初士人悖论性的生存状态,具有繁复的历史意蕴。
明清鼎革之際,漢族士大伕陷入瞭前所未有的思想睏境。殉死者以一種桀驁的姿態為世人所讚頌,然而對于生者來說,如何＂生＂卻成為睏擾他們的焦點問題。在艱難的抉擇中,有人抱誌守節,赍誌山野,是為遺民;亦有人徘佪于＂齣＂＂隱＂之間,如魏際瑞之輾轉于清幕。其誌節雖為人所不齒,但又恰恰藉遊幕的機會得以踐履他們的＂經世＂理想。于是,一方麵為自己之＂齣＂而愧疚不安,另一方麵,又為有機會實現經世理想而興奮;一方麵在貶責那些＂肥遁＂而不問世事的所謂高隱,另一方麵又有著彊烈的歸隱願望,這正造成瞭鼎革之初士人悖論性的生存狀態,具有繁複的歷史意蘊。
명청정혁지제,한족사대부함입료전소미유적사상곤경。순사자이일충걸오적자태위세인소찬송,연이대우생자래설,여하＂생＂각성위곤우타문적초점문제。재간난적결택중,유인포지수절,재지산야,시위유민;역유인배회우＂출＂＂은＂지간,여위제서지전전우청막。기지절수위인소불치,단우흡흡자유막적궤회득이천리타문적＂경세＂이상。우시,일방면위자기지＂출＂이괴구불안,령일방면,우위유궤회실현경세이상이흥강;일방면재폄책나사＂비둔＂이불문세사적소위고은,령일방면우유착강렬적귀은원망,저정조성료정혁지초사인패론성적생존상태,구유번복적역사의온。
During the Ming-Qing transition period, the Han Chinese literati fell into an ideological dilemma. The death of the loyalists made the living both difficult and confused about their identities in such a unique historical situation. Among the tough choices, some were devoted to the former Ming Dynasty and dwelled in seclusion while others hovered between being an official in the Qing government or not. Wei Jirui as a famous personal secretary of various high Qing officials was a good exemplar of the late category.
