CAJ | 학술논문

从历史语言学的角度来看，古苗语的＊mrip是“人、动植物的母亲”也是“首领”；＊ma的本义是“由女人承嗣的世系”；＊pra是“父亲”也是“捆绑、黏合”。从认知语言学的文化模式来看，在苗语的提问和并列结构名词或固定短语中，女性处于无标记地位，男性处于有标记地位，这说明在古代女性被认为比男性更重要；在湘西和黔东苗语里，姨系亲属称谓等同于堂系的亲属称谓，都被认为是兄弟姐妹，并禁止通婚。这些语言学证据和其他社会习俗证据共同构成系统的证据链，证明历史上苗族的确存在过母系氏族制。
종역사어언학적각도래간，고묘어적＊mrip시“인、동식물적모친”야시“수령”；＊ma적본의시“유녀인승사적세계”；＊pra시“부친”야시“곤방、점합”。종인지어언학적문화모식래간，재묘어적제문화병렬결구명사혹고정단어중，녀성처우무표기지위，남성처우유표기지위，저설명재고대녀성피인위비남성경중요；재상서화검동묘어리，이계친속칭위등동우당계적친속칭위，도피인위시형제저매，병금지통혼。저사어언학증거화기타사회습속증거공동구성계통적증거련，증명역사상묘족적학존재과모계씨족제。
From the perspective of historical linguistics, in proto-Miao language, ＊mrip means both ＂a mother of human being, animal or plant＂ and ＂a chief＂ ; the original meaning of ＊ mac is ＂ matrilineal descent＂ ; and ＊ praB has the meanings of ＂father＂, ＂binder＂ and ＂to bind to the main body of something to make it firmly established＂. According to the cultural model of cognitive linguistics, nouns denoting females are unmarked while the ones representing males are marked in questions, coordinative structures and fixed phrases of the Miao language, which shows that females were regarded as more important than males in ancient time. Daughters and sons of mother＇s sister＇s have the same kinship terms with those of father＇s brother＇s in both Xiangxi dialect and Qiandong dialect. They are all regarded as sisters and brothers and are prohibited from intermarriage. These linguistic evidence and social custom form a systematic evidence chain to prove the existence of matriarchy in ancient Miao ethnic group.