北京理工大学学报：社会科学版
北京理工大學學報：社會科學版
북경리공대학학보：사회과학판
Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology（Social Sciences Edition)
2013年
1期
114~122
,共null页
DNA数据库 强制采样 DNA信息保存 DNA销毁期限 DNA数据库立法
DNA數據庫 彊製採樣 DNA信息保存 DNA銷燬期限 DNA數據庫立法
DNA수거고 강제채양 DNA신식보존 DNA소훼기한 DNA수거고입법
DNA database; compulsory DNA sample collection; DNA information storage; DNA information destruction deadline; legislation of DNA database
DNA鉴定技术在诉讼中发挥着显著的证明作用。我国自建立法庭科学DNA数据库以来,各地数据库之规模、应用逐步扩大,取得一定实践成效。然而,数据库的运作也存在法律困惑：如何完善立法规范,如何平衡强制采样与正当程序的冲突,如何兼顾DNA信息保存与隐私权保护的目标,如何权衡数据库推广与司法资源有限的矛盾。DNA数据库的制度完善须理性选择立法模式,整合各地既有规范。应在《刑事诉讼法》第130条＂人身检查＂规定的基础上,细化DNA采样程序;综合考虑案件性质、犯罪危害程度和有利于犯罪分子改造等因素明确入库范围;健全信息保密和救济机制,对DNA数据库的用途、信息保存和销毁期限、违法使用DNA信息的制裁措施加以规范;此外,还应强化质量控制与监督机制。
DNA鑒定技術在訴訟中髮揮著顯著的證明作用。我國自建立法庭科學DNA數據庫以來,各地數據庫之規模、應用逐步擴大,取得一定實踐成效。然而,數據庫的運作也存在法律睏惑：如何完善立法規範,如何平衡彊製採樣與正噹程序的遲突,如何兼顧DNA信息保存與隱私權保護的目標,如何權衡數據庫推廣與司法資源有限的矛盾。DNA數據庫的製度完善鬚理性選擇立法模式,整閤各地既有規範。應在《刑事訴訟法》第130條＂人身檢查＂規定的基礎上,細化DNA採樣程序;綜閤攷慮案件性質、犯罪危害程度和有利于犯罪分子改造等因素明確入庫範圍;健全信息保密和救濟機製,對DNA數據庫的用途、信息保存和銷燬期限、違法使用DNA信息的製裁措施加以規範;此外,還應彊化質量控製與鑑督機製。
DNA감정기술재소송중발휘착현저적증명작용。아국자건입법정과학DNA수거고이래,각지수거고지규모、응용축보확대,취득일정실천성효。연이,수거고적운작야존재법률곤혹：여하완선입법규범,여하평형강제채양여정당정서적충돌,여하겸고DNA신식보존여은사권보호적목표,여하권형수거고추엄여사법자원유한적모순。DNA수거고적제도완선수이성선택입법모식,정합각지기유규범。응재《형사소송법》제130조＂인신검사＂규정적기출상,세화DNA채양정서;종합고필안건성질、범죄위해정도화유리우범죄분자개조등인소명학입고범위;건전신식보밀화구제궤제,대DNA수거고적용도、신식보존화소훼기한、위법사용DNA신식적제재조시가이규범;차외,환응강화질량공제여감독궤제。
DNA technology has been playing a significant role in judicial identification,since it is applied in criminal proceedings.Since the first DNA database in China was established,rapid progress has been witnessed.Problems coexist with the progress due to the lack of legislation.Compulsory DNA sample collection,DNA tests and storages may cause fears of abuse and the erosion of privacy.The expansion of DNA database is a highly costly business.To solve these problems,the following legal solutions should be paid attention to： first of all,DNA database legal framework all over the countries should be integrated and legislative technique is required in this process.The sample collection process should be stipulated under the personal examination system in criminal procedure.Secondly,the range of information should take the nature of the case,the harmfulness of the crime and the favor of the criminal reformation into account.Thirdly,the application of DNA database,the destruction dead line and the sanction to the abuse of authority should be stipulated to protect privacy.Finally,quality control and supervising were necessary so as to guarantee a sound development of DNA database.
