CAJ | 학술논문

社会资本作为实现可持续发展的关键资本，已引起学术界与决策层的广泛关注。本研究以甘肃省张掖市、甘南藏族自治州、临夏回族自治州为研究区，从网络、普遍信任、制度信任、规范等维度出发建立了社会资本测量量表，基于入户调查资料，对比分析了汉、藏、回族地区农户的社会资本特征。研究发现：①甘南州农户的社会资本总指数最高、临夏州次之、张掖市最低，与其他维度相比．张掖市与甘南州农户的普遍信任度欠缺。而临夏州农户的制度信任度欠缺；②临夏州农户的网络水平高于张掖市与甘南州，张掖市农户参与率最高的协会／组织为医疗合作组织，而临夏州与甘南州为宗教协会；③甘南州农户的制度信任度远高于张掖市与临夏州；④甘南州农户的普遍信任度与规范水平均最高，临夏州次之，张掖市最低，且三个地区农户对同质群体的信任度均高于对异质群体的信任度，农户的互助水平均高于奉献水平与和睦程度；⑤农户户主受教育程度、劳动力数量、社会地位、与外界交流强度、生活满意度以及地区民族属性均对农户社会资本的不同维度产生显著影响。最后，指出了民族地区社会资本研究中需进一步关注的问题。
사회자본작위실현가지속발전적관건자본，이인기학술계여결책층적엄범관주。본연구이감숙성장액시、감남장족자치주、림하회족자치주위연구구，종망락、보편신임、제도신임、규범등유도출발건립료사회자본측량량표，기우입호조사자료，대비분석료한、장、회족지구농호적사회자본특정。연구발현：①감남주농호적사회자본총지수최고、림하주차지、장액시최저，여기타유도상비．장액시여감남주농호적보편신임도흠결。이림하주농호적제도신임도흠결；②림하주농호적망락수평고우장액시여감남주，장액시농호삼여솔최고적협회／조직위의료합작조직，이림하주여감남주위종교협회；③감남주농호적제도신임도원고우장액시여림하주；④감남주농호적보편신임도여규범수평균최고，림하주차지，장액시최저，차삼개지구농호대동질군체적신임도균고우대이질군체적신임도，농호적호조수평균고우봉헌수평여화목정도；⑤농호호주수교육정도、노동력수량、사회지위、여외계교류강도、생활만의도이급지구민족속성균대농호사회자본적불동유도산생현저영향。최후，지출료민족지구사회자본연구중수진일보관주적문제。
Social capital plays an increasingly important role in regional development. As a key capital to obtain region sustainable development, it has attracted increasing attention. In this study, the study area includes Zhangye City, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. We set up the social capital measurement scale from net, general trust, institution trust and norm dimension, and then analyze the social capital features in the Hart, Tibetan and Hui nationality region by the field survey data. The results show：（~）The social capital index of peasant household in Gannan is the highest, which is 3. 650. The second place is in Linxia. The third is in Zhangye. Moreover, comparing with other dimension, the peasant households in Zhangye and Gannan are lack of general trust dimension, and lack of institution trust dimension in Linxia. ~）The net level of peasant household in Linxia is the highest. The second is that of in Zhangye, the lowest in Gannan. On the contrary, the first of the institution trust level is the peasant household in Gannan, the second in Zhangye and the third in Linxia. （~）Both of the general trust level and norm level of peasant household in Gannan exceed that in Linxia and Zhangye. However, not only the assistance spirit is superior to the dedication spirit and the harmonious degree in these areas, but also the trust level to the homogenous group exceeds that to the heterogeneous group in these areas. （~） These factors have significant impacts on the different dimensions of social capital, which include the education level of the head of peasant household, quantity of labour force, social status, information exchange, life satisfaction and the region＇ s nationality attribution. Finally, we point out the further problems in the research of the social capital in different ethnic minority regions.