CAJ | 학술논문

针对中国能否主动减排以应对美国碳关税的威胁,提出一种基于成本公平性原则的差异化碳税政策,在该政策下碳税给不同国家带来的成本压力几乎相当,中美两国间总的竞争优势在碳税政策实施前后变化不大。通过设置美国对国内征收碳税、美国对国内征收碳税并对中国征收碳关税以及中美两国差异化碳税3种政策情景,运用环境版全球贸易分析模型探讨中国基于成本公平性原则主动减排是否可以成为一种应对美国碳关税威胁的选择。研究结果表明,碳关税不是一个有效的减排政策,其促进减少碳排放和防止碳泄漏的作用非常有限;居民福利和碳排放等指标的变化情况表明,中国基于成本公平性原则自主减排优于被美国征收碳关税,并可以应对美国碳关税的威胁。
침대중국능부주동감배이응대미국탄관세적위협,제출일충기우성본공평성원칙적차이화탄세정책,재해정책하탄세급불동국가대래적성본압력궤호상당,중미량국간총적경쟁우세재탄세정책실시전후변화불대。통과설치미국대국내정수탄세、미국대국내정수탄세병대중국정수탄관세이급중미량국차이화탄세3충정책정경,운용배경판전구무역분석모형탐토중국기우성본공평성원칙주동감배시부가이성위일충응대미국탄관세위협적선택。연구결과표명,탄관세불시일개유효적감배정책,기촉진감소탄배방화방지탄설루적작용비상유한;거민복리화탄배방등지표적변화정황표명,중국기우성본공평성원칙자주감배우우피미국정수탄관세,병가이응대미국탄관세적위협。
Aiming at the issue whether China will actively reduce carbon emissions to respond to the threat of carbon tariffs in the United States, this paper proposes a differentiated carbon tax policy on the cost fairness principle. The implementation of the car- bon tax policy brings almost the same cost pressure to each country and the total relative competitiveness of China and the US changes little. By setting three policy scenarios, which comprise of the US levying domestic carbon tax, the US levying domestic carbon tax and carbon tariffs of imported products from China and the differentiated carbon tax policy implemented in China and the US, this research applies global trade analysis model to discusse whether the action that China actively reduce carbon emis- sions on the cost fairness principle can be a solution to the threat of carbon tariffs in the United States. The research results show that the carbon tariffs is not an effective emission reduction policy since its effect on reducing carbon emissions and preventing carbon leakage is very limited. The changes of indicators of social welfare and carbon emissions illustrate the action that China actively reduce carbon emissions on the cost fairness principle, which is superior to the behavior of America imposing carbon tar- iffs on China, can be the choice of tackling carbon tariffs threat.