CAJ | 학술논문

中国传统农业社会中的农贷问题是一个很少被关注但却有重要研究价值的问题，它有助于观察我国古代农村社会经济、农户家庭生活、农村金融活动等的运行与变迁，同时也是理解历史上“国家一农民”关系的一把钥匙。本文以必要的经济史料和数据作支撑，对传统农业社会国家农贷的结构、独特逻辑和运行困境进行了总体分析。分析发现：传统国家农贷在放贷内容上呈实物和货币并行特征，但实物重于货币；在放贷对象上国家希望偏重于贫困农户，但现实中却经常错位；消费和生产是国家农贷的两种基本用途，但消费性重于生产性；在利息率方面，呈现出“要么低息要么高息”的两极倾向。而这些结构性特征有着内在的逻辑必然。
중국전통농업사회중적농대문제시일개흔소피관주단각유중요연구개치적문제，타유조우관찰아국고대농촌사회경제、농호가정생활、농촌금융활동등적운행여변천，동시야시리해역사상“국가일농민”관계적일파약시。본문이필요적경제사료화수거작지탱，대전통농업사회국가농대적결구、독특라집화운행곤경진행료총체분석。분석발현：전통국가농대재방대내용상정실물화화폐병행특정，단실물중우화폐；재방대대상상국가희망편중우빈곤농호，단현실중각경상착위；소비화생산시국가농대적량충기본용도，단소비성중우생산성；재이식솔방면，정현출“요요저식요요고식”적량겁경향。이저사결구성특정유착내재적라집필연。
State agricultural loan in traditional Chinese society is a problem that has received little at- tention but has important research value. For example, it contributes to understand the running and change of ancient China＇s countryside social economy, farmer＇s family life, rural financial activities,and so on. Meanwhile, it＇s also a key to understand the relationship between the state and farmer. With the necessary historical infor- mation and data, this paper give an overall analysis on the structure,logic and operating dilemma of state agri- cultural loan in traditional Chinese society. Analysis showed that there are some unique structural characteris- tics of the traditional state agricultural loan. In content aspect, real loan and monetary loan are paralleled, but the former important than the latter. In lending object aspect, the state want to focus on the impoverished farmers, but in reality is often misplaced. In use aspect, consumption and production are it＇s two basic uses, but used for the consumption account for more proportion. In interest aspect, it showing a bipolar tendencies that ＂either low interest or high interest＂. In fact, these structural features have their inherent logic.