陕西师范大学学报：哲学社会科学版
陝西師範大學學報：哲學社會科學版
협서사범대학학보：철학사회과학판
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
2013年
1期
132~136
,共null页
中国古代法律 行政诉讼 民告官 直诉 越诉 监察
中國古代法律 行政訴訟 民告官 直訴 越訴 鑑察
중국고대법률 행정소송 민고관 직소 월소 감찰
law in ancient China; executive lawsuit; civic accusations against officials; direct lawsuit; level-skipping lawsuit ; supervision
法学界主流观点认为古代是不存在行政诉讼的，但是，如果把“民告官”作为行政诉讼的基本特征来衡量的话，这种认识是不符合历史事实的。古代法律不仅允许“民告官”，而且方式多样。这种制度以儒家民本思想为基础，有利于人民的休养生息，能够防范官吏滥用权力，维护封建专制统治地位的稳定，客观上救济了百姓利益。当然，它与现代行政诉讼相比，还有多方面的区别。
法學界主流觀點認為古代是不存在行政訴訟的，但是，如果把“民告官”作為行政訴訟的基本特徵來衡量的話，這種認識是不符閤歷史事實的。古代法律不僅允許“民告官”，而且方式多樣。這種製度以儒傢民本思想為基礎，有利于人民的休養生息，能夠防範官吏濫用權力，維護封建專製統治地位的穩定，客觀上救濟瞭百姓利益。噹然，它與現代行政訴訟相比，還有多方麵的區彆。
법학계주류관점인위고대시불존재행정소송적，단시，여과파“민고관”작위행정소송적기본특정래형량적화，저충인식시불부합역사사실적。고대법률불부윤허“민고관”，이차방식다양。저충제도이유가민본사상위기출，유리우인민적휴양생식，능구방범관리람용권력，유호봉건전제통치지위적은정，객관상구제료백성이익。당연，타여현대행정소송상비，환유다방면적구별。
A mainstream view held by the legal circle is that there was no executive lawsuit in ancient times. However, if we take the case of ＂civic accusations against officials＂ as the primary feature of executive lawsuit, the above-mentioned perception doesn＇ t agree with historical facts. The ancient law not only allowed a citizen to launch a lawsuit against an official but provided varieties of accesses. Based on Confucian people-oriented thought, this le- gal system paved the way for people＇ s rehabilitation and could prevent officials from abusing power so as to main- tain the stability of feudal rule. However, objectively, the system did good to people＇s interests. Anyway it differs from modern executive lawsuit in many ways.
