CAJ | 학술논문

政治机会结构理论关注那些没有多少政治权力的群体在缺乏传统的政治资源时为何能获得一定的博弈能力。苏北N村铅中毒事件中，村民环境维权的政治机会分为两个部分，一是“结构性机会”，包括选举与“乡政村治”、环境诉讼、寻求专家学者和民间环境组织帮助、信访等，这些结构空问发挥的作用不大。与此相比，相对开放的媒体对于事件的解决起了关键性作用，这种状况反映了当前中国农民环境抗争的政治机会结构存在严重缺陷；二是“象征性机会”，包括中央对“三农”问题的重视和对环保问题的强调、中央政府与基层政府之间的张力，以及农民维权被镇压的危险明显减少等。象征性机会通过影响农民的主观感知和心态而对他们的策略选择产生间接影响。在不同情境中，“政治机会格局”可能对媒体的实际作用产生重要影响。
정치궤회결구이론관주나사몰유다소정치권력적군체재결핍전통적정치자원시위하능획득일정적박혁능력。소북N촌연중독사건중，촌민배경유권적정치궤회분위량개부분，일시“결구성궤회”，포괄선거여“향정촌치”、배경소송、심구전가학자화민간배경조직방조、신방등，저사결구공문발휘적작용불대。여차상비，상대개방적매체대우사건적해결기료관건성작용，저충상황반영료당전중국농민배경항쟁적정치궤회결구존재엄중결함；이시“상정성궤회”，포괄중앙대“삼농”문제적중시화대배보문제적강조、중앙정부여기층정부지간적장력，이급농민유권피진압적위험명현감소등。상정성궤회통과영향농민적주관감지화심태이대타문적책략선택산생간접영향。재불동정경중，“정치궤회격국”가능대매체적실제작용산생중요영향。
The theory of political opportunity structure or POS focuses on why the group lacking traditional political sources can gain some ability to play games. In the lead poisoning case of N village, political opportunities in the process of envi- ronmental protest of the villagers consists of two parts, one is ＂structural political opportunity＂ which includes election and autonomy of villagers, environmental lawsuit, resorting to the help of experts and scholars and environmental NGO. These structural opportunities had little effect on the resolving of the problem. To the contrary, the intervention of media played a central role in helping the villagers to force polluting company to move. This status shows the deficiency of POS of rural people＇ s environmental protest. The other is ＂signal opportunity＂ which includes the emphasis by the central authority on rural areas and environmental protection, the strain between central and local government and the obvious decreasing of re- pression. ＂Signal opportunities＂ influence the villagers＇ strategy selection by influencing their perception and psychology. ＂Configurations of political opportunities＂ may influence the real effect of media in particular protest situation.