教育研究
教育研究
교육연구
Educational Research
2013年
2期
140~146
,共null页
高等教育 后大众阶段 就学形态
高等教育 後大衆階段 就學形態
고등교육 후대음계단 취학형태
higher education, post-massification stage, schooling form
在“后大众阶段”，美、日两国高等教育就学形态及演进态势具有不同特点：美国“横向扩大”中途停滞，“纵向延长”加速推进；日本“横向扩大”节节突破，“纵向延长”后期跟进。这与两国不同的大众化动因、教育思想、入学选拔制度、学籍制度、人力资源管理制度、应对适龄人口下降的举措等密切相关。在可以预见的时段里，我国很有可能是“横向扩大”快速增长，“纵向延长”缓慢跟进。“横向扩大”一方独大不利于“学习社会”的建立，必须大力推进“纵向延长”，走出一条符合我国国情的发展道路。
在“後大衆階段”，美、日兩國高等教育就學形態及縯進態勢具有不同特點：美國“橫嚮擴大”中途停滯，“縱嚮延長”加速推進；日本“橫嚮擴大”節節突破，“縱嚮延長”後期跟進。這與兩國不同的大衆化動因、教育思想、入學選拔製度、學籍製度、人力資源管理製度、應對適齡人口下降的舉措等密切相關。在可以預見的時段裏，我國很有可能是“橫嚮擴大”快速增長，“縱嚮延長”緩慢跟進。“橫嚮擴大”一方獨大不利于“學習社會”的建立，必鬚大力推進“縱嚮延長”，走齣一條符閤我國國情的髮展道路。
재“후대음계단”，미、일량국고등교육취학형태급연진태세구유불동특점：미국“횡향확대”중도정체，“종향연장”가속추진；일본“횡향확대”절절돌파，“종향연장”후기근진。저여량국불동적대음화동인、교육사상、입학선발제도、학적제도、인력자원관리제도、응대괄령인구하강적거조등밀절상관。재가이예견적시단리，아국흔유가능시“횡향확대”쾌속증장，“종향연장”완만근진。“횡향확대”일방독대불리우“학습사회”적건립，필수대력추진“종향연장”，주출일조부합아국국정적발전도로。
In the ＂post-massification stage＂, the characteristics of schooling form and evolution situation of higher education in America and Japan are different. The horizontal expansion has stopped halfway and the vertical extension has sped up in America. However, the horizontal expansion in Japan has achieved breakthroughs successively and the vertical extension has followed up. The reasons why there are differences between the two countries mainly lie in the motivation of massification, educational thought, selective system of students enrollment, school registration system, human resource management system and the different measures responding to the decline of school-age population. In the foreseeable future in China, the horizontal expansion would be likely to increase fast and the vertical expansion would be following up slowly. It is not beneficial to establish a learning society only with the horizontal expansion, therefore, China must develop the vertical extension to get a way according with its national situation.
