中国工业经济
中國工業經濟
중국공업경제
China Industrial Economy
2013年
3期
72~84
,共null页
产业污染密度 环境规制 产业集聚 产业竞争力
產業汙染密度 環境規製 產業集聚 產業競爭力
산업오염밀도 배경규제 산업집취 산업경쟁력
industry pollution density; environmental regulation ; industrial agglomeration ; industrial competitiveness
“波特假说”认为环境规制能刺激企业创新从而补偿环境规制带来的成本并增强市场盈利能力，进而提高产业竞争力，但实证分析并未完全支持这一说法．环境规制的创新补偿效应不能促进所有产业竞争力提高。基于不同行业具有不同环境污染强度的事实，本文对20个制造业进行分类，分别研究了重度、中度以及轻度污染产业的环境规制与产业集聚、产业竞争力之间的关系，对“波特假说”进行了再检验。研究发现：环境规制降低产业集聚的悲观结论不成立：环境规制对产业竞争力的影响，是环境规制的创新效应和产业集聚效应综合作用的结果；重度污染产业的环境规制，刺激了创新的产生，但削弱了产业集聚效应，并且创新效应难以抵消产业集聚下降给竞争力造成的损失：中度污染产业的环境规制创新效应不显著，但由于产业集聚效应的增强，提高了该类产业的竞争力：轻度污染产业的环境规制创新效应和产业集聚效应都不显著．因此，对产业竞争力的影响也不显著。但考虑内生环境规制的影响时．波特假说成立。创新驱动结合产业集聚效应，才能达到环境质量和经济发展的双赢。
“波特假說”認為環境規製能刺激企業創新從而補償環境規製帶來的成本併增彊市場盈利能力，進而提高產業競爭力，但實證分析併未完全支持這一說法．環境規製的創新補償效應不能促進所有產業競爭力提高。基于不同行業具有不同環境汙染彊度的事實，本文對20箇製造業進行分類，分彆研究瞭重度、中度以及輕度汙染產業的環境規製與產業集聚、產業競爭力之間的關繫，對“波特假說”進行瞭再檢驗。研究髮現：環境規製降低產業集聚的悲觀結論不成立：環境規製對產業競爭力的影響，是環境規製的創新效應和產業集聚效應綜閤作用的結果；重度汙染產業的環境規製，刺激瞭創新的產生，但削弱瞭產業集聚效應，併且創新效應難以牴消產業集聚下降給競爭力造成的損失：中度汙染產業的環境規製創新效應不顯著，但由于產業集聚效應的增彊，提高瞭該類產業的競爭力：輕度汙染產業的環境規製創新效應和產業集聚效應都不顯著．因此，對產業競爭力的影響也不顯著。但攷慮內生環境規製的影響時．波特假說成立。創新驅動結閤產業集聚效應，纔能達到環境質量和經濟髮展的雙贏。
“파특가설”인위배경규제능자격기업창신종이보상배경규제대래적성본병증강시장영리능력，진이제고산업경쟁력，단실증분석병미완전지지저일설법．배경규제적창신보상효응불능촉진소유산업경쟁력제고。기우불동행업구유불동배경오염강도적사실，본문대20개제조업진행분류，분별연구료중도、중도이급경도오염산업적배경규제여산업집취、산업경쟁력지간적관계，대“파특가설”진행료재검험。연구발현：배경규제강저산업집취적비관결론불성립：배경규제대산업경쟁력적영향，시배경규제적창신효응화산업집취효응종합작용적결과；중도오염산업적배경규제，자격료창신적산생，단삭약료산업집취효응，병차창신효응난이저소산업집취하강급경쟁력조성적손실：중도오염산업적배경규제창신효응불현저，단유우산업집취효응적증강，제고료해류산업적경쟁력：경도오염산업적배경규제창신효응화산업집취효응도불현저．인차，대산업경쟁력적영향야불현저。단고필내생배경규제적영향시．파특가설성립。창신구동결합산업집취효응，재능체도배경질량화경제발전적쌍영。
＂Porter hypothesis＂ has considered that environmental regulation can stimulate enterprise innovation so as to offset the cost of environmental protection and enhance market profit ability, and improve industrial competitiveness, but the empirical analysis has not fully support the statement. Innovation effect of environmental regulation can not guarantee the competitiveness improvement of all industries. Based on the fact that different industries have different environmental pollution intensity, the paper has studied the relationship among environmental regulation, industrial agglomeration and industrial competitiveness of the severe, moderate and mild pollution industries respectively in the premise of the determination of manufacturing industry pollution density, testing the ＂Porter hypothesis＂ for further. The study has found that： the pessimistic conclusion ＂environmental regulation can reduce industrial agglomeration＂ is not quite right; The influence of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness is synthetic action of innovation effect and agglomeration effect; Environmental regulation in heavy pollution industries, has stimulated innovation generation, but weakened the agglomeration effect, and innovation effect is difficult to offset the loss of competitiveness caused by agglomeration effect falling; Innovation effect stimulated by environmental regulation in moderate pollution industries is not significant, but industrial competitiveness has improved due to the enhancement of agglomeration effect; Innovation effect and agglomeration effect are all not significant in light pollution industries, so the influence of environmental regulation on the industrial competitiveness is also not significant. But after considering the influence of endogenous environmental regulation, ＂Porter hypothesis＂ is established. Innovation-driven, combined with industrial agglomeration, can achieve the environment and economy win-win.
