CAJ | 학술논문

抗日战争之前，沂蒙地区基于乡邻、宗族、租佃、雇佣关系形成的劳动互助习惯体现为互惠性与不公平性、互助与剥削并存。抗日战争时期，中共领导抗日根据地建立的新的劳动互助模式以“变工为主，互助为次”，着力于消除劳动互助中的不公平性和剥削性，通过换工、还工、添工、补工、拔工的形式实现公平变工，均平性和对等性是新的劳动互助模式的基本取向。从互助到变工的演变，是通过党的生产动员实现的，并形成了通过群众运动来推进生产运动的动员模式。劳动互助运动的有效动员与运行，不仅有赖于“生产必须领导”、新的党群关系的建构与劳动观念的转变，而且需要面对乡村民众因循已久的心理习惯，协调不同阶层民众的利益诉求。
항일전쟁지전，기몽지구기우향린、종족、조전、고용관계형성적노동호조습관체현위호혜성여불공평성、호조여박삭병존。항일전쟁시기，중공령도항일근거지건립적신적노동호조모식이“변공위주，호조위차”，착력우소제노동호조중적불공평성화박삭성，통과환공、환공、첨공、보공、발공적형식실현공평변공，균평성화대등성시신적노동호조모식적기본취향。종호조도변공적연변，시통과당적생산동원실현적，병형성료통과군음운동래추진생산운동적동원모식。노동호조운동적유효동원여운행，불부유뢰우“생산필수령도”、신적당군관계적건구여노동관념적전변，이차수요면대향촌민음인순이구적심리습관，협조불동계층민음적이익소구。
Based on villagers, patriarchal clan, tenancy and employment relations in Yimeng areas before the An- ti-Japanese War, the mutual-aid labor habit reflected the coexistences of reciprocity and unfairness and mutual-aid and exploitation. During the period of Anti-Japanese war, new labor mutual-aid mode of anti--Japanese base led by the CPC was focused on exchange labors and mutual-aid became secondary, the CPC made efforts to eliminate exploitation and unfairness in labor mutual-aid and by the forms of exchange, return, increase, replenish and al- locate labors to realize fairness. Equality and reciprocity became the basic orientation of new labor mutual-aid mode. The change from mutual-aid to labor exchange was realized by the CPC＇ s production mobilization and formed mobilization forms to promote production movement by mass movement. Effective mobilization and opera- tion of labor mutual-aid movement not only depended on leading production, new relations construction between the CPC and the masses and the change of labor ideas, but also needed to face the rural people＇ s traditional men- tal habits and coordinate the different classes＇ interests.