CAJ | 학술논문

自1978年以来,中国经济快速增长。这是没有争议的。争议比较大的问题是中国经济增长的机制。研究中国的西方经济学家和其他学者有一个共识,即中国的发展不同于甚至挑战强调私有经济和金融自由的一般经济学理论。文章基于大量文献和一定的数据研究,认为私有经济、金融自由化、产权的安全性甚至政治制度的改革实际上在中国经济起飞过程中起了核心的作用。但是文献研究也表明,中国在20世纪80年代开始施行的一些行之有效的改革措施,比如在农村的金融开放,在20世纪90年代全部被逆转了。20世纪90年代发生的中国农村改革的逆转对中国经济增长的构成和中国向市场经济的转型步伐产生了巨大的影响。
자1978년이래,중국경제쾌속증장。저시몰유쟁의적。쟁의비교대적문제시중국경제증장적궤제。연구중국적서방경제학가화기타학자유일개공식,즉중국적발전불동우심지도전강조사유경제화금융자유적일반경제학이론。문장기우대량문헌화일정적수거연구,인위사유경제、금융자유화、산권적안전성심지정치제도적개혁실제상재중국경제기비과정중기료핵심적작용。단시문헌연구야표명,중국재20세기80년대개시시행적일사행지유효적개혁조시,비여재농촌적금융개방,재20세기90년대전부피역전료。20세기90년대발생적중국농촌개혁적역전대중국경제증장적구성화중국향시장경제적전형보벌산생료거대적영향。
Since 1978, Chinese economy has grown phenomenally. This is not in dispute. What is -or what can be - in dispute is why China has managed to grow so fast. The consensus view among economists and other academics is that China has grown by relying on unique, context - specific local institutional innovations, such as ownership by the local state of township and village enterprises （TVEs） , decentralization, and selective financial controls. Private ownership, financial liberalization, property rights security, and reforms of political insti- tutions - viewed as important for growth in many parts of the world - are not believed to be central components of growth in China. Based on a large quantity of documentary evidence, this paper shows that Chinese economic takeoff in fact was associated closely with substantial private ownership, financial liberalization and even some political reforms. However, the same documentary evidence shows that many productive and promising rural reforms were reversed in the 1990s. The policy reversals have had a substantial impact on the composition of Chinese economic growth and the pace of market transition.