CAJ | 학술논문

微生物腐蚀与降解是嘉峪关魏晋墓砖壁画保存过程中所面临的主要问题之一。本研究采用现代分子生物学技术，对造成魏晋墓砖壁画腐蚀的真菌类群进行了检测和分析。通过样品总DNA提取，目标片段扩增，克隆文库构建，序列测定与比对后发现，魏晋墓腐蚀砖壁画真菌序列主要隶属于曲霉属、Phialosimplex属和侧齿霉属。常年受人为扰动。墓室内腐蚀砖壁画真菌多样性下降，群落结构发生改变。墓室常年开放或常年关闭均不利于砖壁画的长久保存。分子技术在快速、准确检测壁画微生物群落组成方面优势明显，应加以推广应用。
미생물부식여강해시가욕관위진묘전벽화보존과정중소면림적주요문제지일。본연구채용현대분자생물학기술，대조성위진묘전벽화부식적진균류군진행료검측화분석。통과양품총DNA제취，목표편단확증，극륭문고구건，서렬측정여비대후발현，위진묘부식전벽화진균서렬주요대속우곡매속、Phialosimplex속화측치매속。상년수인위우동。묘실내부식전벽화진균다양성하강，군락결구발생개변。묘실상년개방혹상년관폐균불리우전벽화적장구보존。분자기술재쾌속、준학검측벽화미생물군락조성방면우세명현，응가이추엄응용。
Microbial biodeterioration is one of the major problems for conservation of mural paintings in tomb of the Wei and Jin dynasty, Jiayuguan. The molecular techniques were used to detect and analyze fungal groups on mural paintings in this study. After the extraction of the samples＇total DNA, amplification of the targeted fragments, construction of the clone library, and determination of sequences, we found that most of the fungal sequences afltiated to the genus Aspergillus, Phialosimplex, and Engyodontium. The diversity of fungi decreased in tomb that was being disturbed because of daily tourists visiting, the community strutures changed simultaneously. Both measures of opening to the public or closing up all the year round are harmful for the conservation of the tomb wall paintings. The molecular techniques have dominant position in the detection of microbial community rapidly and accurately, which can be popularized in the future studies.