CAJ | 학술논문

戒坛是剃度出家人的场所，也是佛教寺院的重要附属设施。在宋代，政府严格控制佛教戒坛的创立。随着时间的推移，佛教的戒坛逐渐增加，但无论是官方还是民间记载的戒坛数量，似乎都是不准确的。资料显示，在宋代，戒坛的设置有一套完整的规则，应该是在政府的严格监控下进行的。在佛教较为发达的区域，戒坛大体上应该是以州级行政机构为基本标准设置的，而在佛教相对不那么普及的地区，大体上应该是若干个州设立一座戒坛，供该地区僧尼、沙弥剃度之用。一年一度的剃度仪式隆重而庄严，充分体现了这一活动所具有的宗教意义。而更为重要的是，宋朝政府将出家人的剃度仪式与各级政府庆贺皇帝生日的活动巧妙地融为一体，这就将宗教活动与世俗庆典结合了起来，使受戒活动更显隆重，也使戒坛成为具有高度政治象征意义的场所。
계단시체도출가인적장소，야시불교사원적중요부속설시。재송대，정부엄격공제불교계단적창립。수착시간적추이，불교적계단축점증가，단무론시관방환시민간기재적계단수량，사호도시불준학적。자료현시，재송대，계단적설치유일투완정적규칙，응해시재정부적엄격감공하진행적。재불교교위발체적구역，계단대체상응해시이주급행정궤구위기본표준설치적，이재불교상대불나요보급적지구，대체상응해시약간개주설립일좌계단，공해지구승니、사미체도지용。일년일도적체도의식륭중이장엄，충분체현료저일활동소구유적종교의의。이경위중요적시，송조정부장출가인적체도의식여각급정부경하황제생일적활동교묘지융위일체，저취장종교활동여세속경전결합료기래，사수계활동경현륭중，야사계단성위구유고도정치상정의의적장소。
Kaidan is the place to attain the full status of a monk or a nun;and it is also an important appendage to a tem- ple. In Song Dynasty, the Government had a strict control of its new establishment. However, along the development, the number gradually increased and in consequence neither the official nor the non-governmental records were accurate. Materials show that there is a complete set of regulations then,which should be formulated under the strict supervision of the Govern- ment. In those areas that Buddhism was prosperous, kaidan was generally set up by Zhou （administration unit next below province） ~but in those that were not so much developed, several zhou＇s owned one. The annual tonsure ceremony was grand and solemn, which fully represented the religious significance of the local area per se. More importantly, such ceremonies were held along celebrating emperors＇birthdays by all levels of local governments,a unification that enhanced the solemnity of the tonsures to an even more grand extent and hence became highly a political symbol.