CAJ | 학술논문

为了确保食品、药物及环境等涉及公共福利领域的安全,美国法院发展并确立严格刑事责任制度,该制度包括公共福利犯罪原则和有责任的公司管理人员原则。确立环境严格刑事责任的目的是确保刑法在保护环境和促进环境法遵守方面的效率。公共福利犯罪原则和有责任的公司管理人员原则减轻了美国起诉部门的证明责任,降低了司法成本,同时提高了犯罪的成本,增强了刑法的威慑力。这体现了美国环境刑事政策的价值取向是社会利益保护优先和效率优先。
위료학보식품、약물급배경등섭급공공복리영역적안전,미국법원발전병학립엄격형사책임제도,해제도포괄공공복리범죄원칙화유책임적공사관리인원원칙。학립배경엄격형사책임적목적시학보형법재보호배경화촉진배경법준수방면적효솔。공공복리범죄원칙화유책임적공사관리인원원칙감경료미국기소부문적증명책임,강저료사법성본,동시제고료범죄적성본,증강료형법적위섭력。저체현료미국배경형사정책적개치취향시사회이익보호우선화효솔우선。
In order to protect the safety of public welfare such as food,drug and environment,the US courts have established and developed the strict criminal liability based on public welfare offences doctrine and the responsible corporate officer doctrine.The purpose of establishing strict criminal liability for environmental crimes is to ensure efficiency of criminal laws in environmental protection and promotion compliance of environmental laws.The public welfare offences doctrine and the responsible corporate officer doctrine can mitigate proving responsibility of American prosecution administrations and reduce the judicial costs;meanwhile such doctrines can increase the costs of crime and enhance the deterrence of criminal law.Therefore,it can be indicated from American policies for environmental offences that protection of public interest and efficiency enjoy priority.