CAJ | 학술논문

试图运用历史资料和统计数据系统描述美国工学学科结构变动的轨迹，并分析其影响因素，以揭示美国工学学科发展的内在规律与发展趋势．为我国高等工程教育发展提供借鉴。研究表明，美国高校工学学科人才培养层次结构高移：四大传统工学学科构成了美国工学学科结构的基础；20世纪70年代以来，工程技术类学科、高技术学科、交叉学科和新兴学科发展迅速。工业现代化进程的推进、美国与生俱来的实用性创新传统、频繁战争对研发的强大刺激以及国家战略层面的政策引导和项目支持是影响美国工学学科结构变动的主要原因。
시도운용역사자료화통계수거계통묘술미국공학학과결구변동적궤적，병분석기영향인소，이게시미국공학학과발전적내재규률여발전추세．위아국고등공정교육발전제공차감。연구표명，미국고교공학학과인재배양층차결구고이：사대전통공학학과구성료미국공학학과결구적기출；20세기70년대이래，공정기술류학과、고기술학과、교차학과화신흥학과발전신속。공업현대화진정적추진、미국여생구래적실용성창신전통、빈번전쟁대연발적강대자격이급국가전략층면적정책인도화항목지지시영향미국공학학과결구변동적주요원인。
Based on the historical information and statistical data, the paper aims to describe the development characteristics of engineering discipline structure of the USA colleges, analyze its causes, and reveal its internal law and development trend. Research shows the ratio of the graduate students majoring in engineering rises continuously and that of the four main traditional engineering sub-disciplines remains stable and dominant. Since 1970s, there have been proliferating in engineering technology, high technology, interdisciplinary and emerging discipline in engineering fields. The main reason for above changes includes the process of the industrial modernization, the tradition of inherent practical innovation of the Americans, the strong stimulation of frequent wars to research, and the national strategic policy guidance and project support.