CAJ | 학술논문

康、雍时期，江西土著居民屡将“棚民”整体“盗贼化”，多引证康熙平定“三藩”期间在袁州府成功“驱棚”之故事。袁州府成功“驱棚”，可能是康熙年间大规模驱赶移民的唯一事例，有其独特的时代背景和操作条件。从康熙十三年开始，吴三桂叛军与清军在江西拉锯争战多年，袁州地方社会的族群矛盾被大规模激化，以闽籍移民为主体的“棚民”参加了叛军，此地再次沦为战乱重灾区。到康熙十七年初，控扼要道的袁州府之安危，决定着清军入湘平叛的成败。此时动用军队驱逐“附逆”的“棚民”势在必行，体现了一种军事打击而不是民事行为。因此以往史论中既全面肯定康熙平定“三藩”，却又对清军“驱棚”加以非议，显然自相矛盾，应予深入讨论和重新评价。相关著述引用清中后期修成的方志论述清初移民和“驱棚”事件，留下不少以讹传讹的问题，值得深思和警觉。学者应跳出传统“农民战争”研究的视角，对土著民众的苦难遭遇及利益诉求予以理解和重视，进而将不同地区的“三藩”战事考察，从单纯的政治史、军事史，深化为一部有血有肉的明末清初区域社会生活变迁史。
강、옹시기，강서토저거민루장“붕민”정체“도적화”，다인증강희평정“삼번”기간재원주부성공“구붕”지고사。원주부성공“구붕”，가능시강희년간대규모구간이민적유일사례，유기독특적시대배경화조작조건。종강희십삼년개시，오삼계반군여청군재강서랍거쟁전다년，원주지방사회적족군모순피대규모격화，이민적이민위주체적“붕민”삼가료반군，차지재차륜위전란중재구。도강희십칠년초，공액요도적원주부지안위，결정착청군입상평반적성패。차시동용군대구축“부역”적“붕민”세재필행，체현료일충군사타격이불시민사행위。인차이왕사론중기전면긍정강희평정“삼번”，각우대청군“구붕”가이비의，현연자상모순，응여심입토론화중신평개。상관저술인용청중후기수성적방지논술청초이민화“구붕”사건，류하불소이와전와적문제，치득심사화경각。학자응도출전통“농민전쟁”연구적시각，대토저민음적고난조우급이익소구여이리해화중시，진이장불동지구적“삼번”전사고찰，종단순적정치사、군사사，심화위일부유혈유육적명말청초구역사회생활변천사。
Since the thirteenth year of K＇ang Hsi （1674）, the Wu San-gui rebellion has been fighting with the Q＇ing army in Jiang Xi for many years, which intensified the contradictions among the local lineages of Yuan Zhou. The slum dwellers, mainly consisted of Fu Jian immigrants, joined the rebellion, made the place a harder-hit area of conflicts and wars. In February or March of the seventeen year of K＇ang Hsi , the security of Yuan Zhou, which controlled the main transportation, determined the success or failure of the Q＇ing army who entered Hu Nan to put down the rebellion. At this moment, it was more than a popular behavior but a military by using army to expel the slum residents, whom were thought to gone over the rebellions. Therefore, it is self-contradict in the previous historic reviews which affirm the K＇ang Hsi＇s putting down San Fan, while criticizing the Q＇ing army＇s expelling the slum dwellers at the same time. We need to have a re-comment on this point.