CAJ | 학술논문

有别于欧美发达市场经济国家的创新体系，中国的独立研究与开发机构（以下简称研发机构）在国家创新体系中占重要地位。同时，企业、大学、研发机构在R＆D环节中的侧重点不同，因而产学研合作既有必要性又有可行性。本文在创新性地估算大学、研发机构对应于产业技术领域的R＆D数据基础上，测度产学研合作对我国高技术产业创新绩效的影响。结果发现，相对于分割状况的R＆D活动，无论是通过项目合作还是人员交流方式的产学研合作，都有助于提升我国高技术产业创新绩效；对于医药制造等科学技术型创新模式为主的产业，企业和大学的合作更有利于产业创新；对于电子及通信设备制造业等互动型创新模式为主的产业，企业和研发机构的合作更有助于产业创新。本文不仅论证了产学研合作的必要性，还提出产学研合作方式的差异化策略。
유별우구미발체시장경제국가적창신체계，중국적독립연구여개발궤구（이하간칭연발궤구）재국가창신체계중점중요지위。동시，기업、대학、연발궤구재R＆D배절중적측중점불동，인이산학연합작기유필요성우유가행성。본문재창신성지고산대학、연발궤구대응우산업기술영역적R＆D수거기출상，측도산학연합작대아국고기술산업창신적효적영향。결과발현，상대우분할상황적R＆D활동，무론시통과항목합작환시인원교류방식적산학연합작，도유조우제승아국고기술산업창신적효；대우의약제조등과학기술형창신모식위주적산업，기업화대학적합작경유리우산업창신；대우전자급통신설비제조업등호동형창신모식위주적산업，기업화연발궤구적합작경유조우산업창신。본문불부론증료산학연합작적필요성，환제출산학연합작방식적차이화책략。
Different from innovation system in those developed market-oriented countries, national innovation system in China has its own characteristics from the perspective of innovation actors in the process of transitional economy. Specifically to say, the Chinese enterprises as the most important innovation actor, devote themselves to experiment development of R＆D activities that acts more as technology application than technology innovation; meanwhile basic research and applied research from which advanced technologies are sourced, are exclusively con- ducted by universities and independent R＆D institutes. In addition, the Chinese independent R＆D institutes pla- ying a more important role in technological innovation than their counterparts in market-oriented countries. There- fore, it is more necessary and feasible to promote university-industry-research institute＇s collaboration in China in terms of the three innovators being complementary in R＆D activities. At the present catching-up process of national innovation capability of China, the high-tech industries are endowed as leading sectors in technological innovation and have been encouraged to innovate by governments at all levels. This paper aims to estimate the impacts of uni- versity-industry-research institute＇s collaboration on the innovative performance of the Chinese high-tech industries. But generally it is difficult for researchers to precisely measure the effects of university-industry-research institute＇s collaboration. Firstly, how to conduct the data of university-industry-research institute＇s collaboration due to the deficiency of statistic data provided by public agencies？ To solve the problem, we creatively reclassify and es- timate R＆D data of universities and independent R＆D institutes in line with those of high-tech industries published by the National Bureau of Statistics, drawing on the experience of what Feldman and Audretsch （1999） dealt with the data from American National Science Foundation in accordance with those R＆D data conducted by industrial sectors. Secondly, how to employ the empirical analysis？ we take an eclectic means and construct an econometric model by combining knowledge production function originated by Griliches（1979） with interaction terms among in- novation actors on the condition of absorptive capability presented by Cohen and Levinthal（ 1989）, in order to dis- tinguish differential effects of different ways of university-industry-research institute＇s collaboration. The results demonstrate that, compared with isolated R＆D activities of the single innovation actor, university- industry-research institute＇s collaborative R＆D activities are conducive to promote the innovative performance of the Chinese high-tech industries, whether by means of project＇s collaboration or personnel communication. And we also find that, these industries with the science, technology and innovation （STI） mode like manufacture of medicine, could get more benefits from R＆D collaboration with university than independent R＆D institutes, while other indus- tries with the doing, using and interaction （DUI） mode like manufacture of electronic equipment and communica- tion equipment, could gain more proceeds from R＆D collaboration with independent R＆D institutes than universi- ty. Thus this paper not only expounds the importance of university-industry-research institute＇s R＆D collaboration, but also investigates the differential effects among different ways of R＆D collaboration.