CAJ | 학술논문

处置式是汉语的一种重要句式，在标准语、汉语史、汉语方言以及汉语教学领域有很多研究成果。在标准语的语法研究中，处置式更多的时候被称为“把”字句。在汉语史研究领域，“把”只是处置标记从“以”、“将”等发展到晚期的一种标记形式，所以，汉语史领域是用“处置式”来指称这种句式。本文先简要介绍近年来处置式在标准语、汉语史及汉语方言领域的一些进展，然后介绍现代汉语方言中的“处置式”和“把”字句。根据本文的初步研究，汉语方言中的处置标记有113个，比时间跨度长达两千年的文献资料中的处置标记要多得多，拿持义、给予义、得到义、趋向义、使令义、连接义、助益义、言说义动词都可虚化成处置标记。处置标记一般是前置的，但也有后置的；多数方言在一个处置句中只使用一个处置标记，但也有一些方言在一个处置句中使用两个处置标记；一些方言可以省略处置标记，还有的方言可以省略处置宾语。汉语方言中的“把”字句功能复杂，句式繁多，用法及意义跟标准语、文献资料大不相同。在一些西北方言里，“把”字是一个提宾标记，没有处置义；在一些中部汉语方言里，“把”字既是处置标记又是被动标记，此外，汉语方言中的“把”字还有处所、趋向、工具等用法，这些都和标准语及白话文献中的“把”字句不一样。最后，本文讨论了“把”字句的功能扩展和区域消隐问题。
처치식시한어적일충중요구식，재표준어、한어사、한어방언이급한어교학영역유흔다연구성과。재표준어적어법연구중，처치식경다적시후피칭위“파”자구。재한어사연구영역，“파”지시처치표기종“이”、“장”등발전도만기적일충표기형식，소이，한어사영역시용“처치식”래지칭저충구식。본문선간요개소근년래처치식재표준어、한어사급한어방언영역적일사진전，연후개소현대한어방언중적“처치식”화“파”자구。근거본문적초보연구，한어방언중적처치표기유113개，비시간과도장체량천년적문헌자료중적처치표기요다득다，나지의、급여의、득도의、추향의、사령의、련접의、조익의、언설의동사도가허화성처치표기。처치표기일반시전치적，단야유후치적；다수방언재일개처치구중지사용일개처치표기，단야유일사방언재일개처치구중사용량개처치표기；일사방언가이성략처치표기，환유적방언가이성략처치빈어。한어방언중적“파”자구공능복잡，구식번다，용법급의의근표준어、문헌자료대불상동。재일사서북방언리，“파”자시일개제빈표기，몰유처치의；재일사중부한어방언리，“파”자기시처치표기우시피동표기，차외，한어방언중적“파”자환유처소、추향、공구등용법，저사도화표준어급백화문헌중적“파”자구불일양。최후，본문토론료“파”자구적공능확전화구역소은문제。
Abstract The disposal construction is important in Chinese and many studies have been done in areas of standard Chinese, Chinese history, Chinese dialect and Chinese teaching. In the area of standard Chinese, the disposal constructions are often called ba constructions. While in the area of Chinese history, ba is a later marker of disposal evolving from y/ 1）~ and jiang or other words so the constructions with ba are often called disposal constructions. This paper briefly introduces the progress of research on the disposal constructions in standard Chinese, Chinese history and Chinese dialects, and also the disposal or ba constructions in contemporary Chinese dialects. Our preliminary studies show that there are 113 markers of disposal in contemporary Chinese dialects, much more than those found in 2,000 years of historical documents. They may have gramrnaticalized from verbs meaning taking, giving, getting, inclining, ordering, connecting, benefiting or saying. The markers of disposal constructions are usually prepositive but sometimes also postpositive. In most dialects, there is only one marker in a disposal sentence, but others may have 2. In some dialects, the markers can be omitted, and in others the disposal object can be omitted. The ba constructions in Chinese dialects vary in functions and sentence types, whose uses and meanings are quite different from those found in standard Chinese or written documents. In some dialects of northwest China, ba is a marker of prepositive object and is not related to disposal at all. In some mid-China dialects, ba is both a disposal and a passive marker. Moreover, the ba constructions in Chinese dialects also denote location, inclination and instrument, the uses of which are absent in standard Chinese or colloquial literature. Finally, the paper discusses the function extension and regional blanking of the ba constructions.