中国工业经济
中國工業經濟
중국공업경제
China Industrial Economy
2013年
5期
5~17
,共null页
出口 竞争力 产品密度
齣口 競爭力 產品密度
출구 경쟁력 산품밀도
export ; competitiveness ; product density
本文在对出口商品按技术含量分类的基础上，利用最新的贸易统计数据研究了中国产业国际竞争力现状及演变趋势。研究结果表明：①把中国工业制成品按技术含量低、中、高的次序排列，其国际竞争力大致呈U型分布；②中国的出口优势产品与潜力产品之间的距离比较近．这为出口结构实现平稳转型奠定良好的微观基础：③机械及运输设备等中高技术制成品将会引领中国出口结构的转型升级．目前国际竞争力较强的劳动密集型产品群体将会出现分化：④将来在低技术产品领域挑战中国的领先地位的主要是南欧国家、中东欧转型国家及印度，在中等技术制成品领域中国主要与欧洲大陆发达国家竞争。在高技术制成品领域中国需要追赶和超越的目标主要是美国、欧洲和东亚地区的发达经济体。为提高中国产业国际竞争力，政府应该高度重视中等技术制成品竞争力不强、产品密度不大的突出问题．客观看待劳动密集型制成品在出口结构转型升级中的双重作用，适时优化高技术产业政策组合．把价值链攀升作为政策最优先目标。
本文在對齣口商品按技術含量分類的基礎上，利用最新的貿易統計數據研究瞭中國產業國際競爭力現狀及縯變趨勢。研究結果錶明：①把中國工業製成品按技術含量低、中、高的次序排列，其國際競爭力大緻呈U型分佈；②中國的齣口優勢產品與潛力產品之間的距離比較近．這為齣口結構實現平穩轉型奠定良好的微觀基礎：③機械及運輸設備等中高技術製成品將會引領中國齣口結構的轉型升級．目前國際競爭力較彊的勞動密集型產品群體將會齣現分化：④將來在低技術產品領域挑戰中國的領先地位的主要是南歐國傢、中東歐轉型國傢及印度，在中等技術製成品領域中國主要與歐洲大陸髮達國傢競爭。在高技術製成品領域中國需要追趕和超越的目標主要是美國、歐洲和東亞地區的髮達經濟體。為提高中國產業國際競爭力，政府應該高度重視中等技術製成品競爭力不彊、產品密度不大的突齣問題．客觀看待勞動密集型製成品在齣口結構轉型升級中的雙重作用，適時優化高技術產業政策組閤．把價值鏈攀升作為政策最優先目標。
본문재대출구상품안기술함량분류적기출상，이용최신적무역통계수거연구료중국산업국제경쟁력현상급연변추세。연구결과표명：①파중국공업제성품안기술함량저、중、고적차서배렬，기국제경쟁력대치정U형분포；②중국적출구우세산품여잠력산품지간적거리비교근．저위출구결구실현평은전형전정량호적미관기출：③궤계급운수설비등중고기술제성품장회인령중국출구결구적전형승급．목전국제경쟁력교강적노동밀집형산품군체장회출현분화：④장래재저기술산품영역도전중국적령선지위적주요시남구국가、중동구전형국가급인도，재중등기술제성품영역중국주요여구주대륙발체국가경쟁。재고기술제성품영역중국수요추간화초월적목표주요시미국、구주화동아지구적발체경제체。위제고중국산업국제경쟁력，정부응해고도중시중등기술제성품경쟁력불강、산품밀도불대적돌출문제．객관간대노동밀집형제성품재출구결구전형승급중적쌍중작용，괄시우화고기술산업정책조합．파개치련반승작위정책최우선목표。
On the basis of classification according to the technical content of export commodities and the latest trade statistics, this paper studies the current situation and the trend of the international competitiveness of Industries in China. The results show that： （j）If China＇s manufactured products are arranged from low to high according to their technical content, their competitiveness, in general, shows an U-distribution. @The distance between current advantage exports and potential advantage products is close, which lay a good micro-foundation for the export structure of China to achieve a smooth transition. （~）Some medium or high-tech manufactured goods, such as machinery and transport equipment, will lead the direction of China＇s export structure＇s transformation and upgrading, and the labor-intensive product groups with obvious competitiveness currently will be differentiated. （~） In the future, t]he countries challenging China＇s leading position in the field of low-tech products are mainly the Southern European countries, Central and Eastern European transition countries and India; In the field of medium- tech products, China mainly competes against the developed countries in Europe; In the field of high-teeh products, China mainly needs to overtake the United States and the developed economies in Europe and East Asia. To improve the international competitiveness of industries in China, governments should attach great importance to the outstanding problem that the medium-tech manufactured goods are uneompetitive and its density is relatively small, take an objective view of the dual role of labor-intensive manufactured products in the transformation and upgrading of the export structure, optimize the combination of high-tech industry policy timely, and view value chain climbing as the most priority objective.
