史学集刊
史學集刊
사학집간
Collected Papers of History Studies
2013年
3期
103~109
,共null页
帕麦斯顿 英帝国 平等地位 权力转移
帕麥斯頓 英帝國 平等地位 權力轉移
파맥사돈 영제국 평등지위 권력전이
Palmerston ; British Empire ; equal partnership ; transition of power
19世纪中期，英国面临美国追求平等的挑战。虽然帕麦斯顿首相在维护英帝国利益时，惯以海外用兵或以武力相威胁，但面对来自美国的挑战，他却常受掣肘以至有所妥协。这不仅为日后美国的崛起奠定了基础，而且挑战了大国间“难逃权力和平转移厄运”的观点。为此，探析帕麦斯顿时期的英美关系是必要的。毫无疑问，加拿大易受美国攻击的考虑、英美之间日趋互补的经贸关系、困扰英国的欧洲时局等均为重要原因。然而，英美在磨合过程中形成的对世界体系的认同，则是促使拥有全球利益的英国最后接受美国以平等地位加入其主导的世界体系的主要考虑。
19世紀中期，英國麵臨美國追求平等的挑戰。雖然帕麥斯頓首相在維護英帝國利益時，慣以海外用兵或以武力相威脅，但麵對來自美國的挑戰，他卻常受掣肘以至有所妥協。這不僅為日後美國的崛起奠定瞭基礎，而且挑戰瞭大國間“難逃權力和平轉移阨運”的觀點。為此，探析帕麥斯頓時期的英美關繫是必要的。毫無疑問，加拿大易受美國攻擊的攷慮、英美之間日趨互補的經貿關繫、睏擾英國的歐洲時跼等均為重要原因。然而，英美在磨閤過程中形成的對世界體繫的認同，則是促使擁有全毬利益的英國最後接受美國以平等地位加入其主導的世界體繫的主要攷慮。
19세기중기，영국면림미국추구평등적도전。수연파맥사돈수상재유호영제국이익시，관이해외용병혹이무력상위협，단면대래자미국적도전，타각상수체주이지유소타협。저불부위일후미국적굴기전정료기출，이차도전료대국간“난도권력화평전이액운”적관점。위차，탐석파맥사돈시기적영미관계시필요적。호무의문，가나대역수미국공격적고필、영미지간일추호보적경무관계、곤우영국적구주시국등균위중요원인。연이，영미재마합과정중형성적대세계체계적인동，칙시촉사옹유전구이익적영국최후접수미국이평등지위가입기주도적세계체계적주요고필。
Since the mid- 19th century, British Prime Minister Palmerston witnessed that the United States pursued the great power status that would lead to its restlessness accordingly. Though a tough defender of the established interest of the British Empire, he acted cautiously in view of the potentiality of the United States. As a consequence, United Kingdom had to eventually accept the reality of the rise of the United States, which is at odd with the conventional theory of ＂non - peaceful transition of power＂. Thus it is necessary to make the analysis of the reasons why Palmerston had to do this. The final arguments follow the conventional wisdom such as the vulnerability of Canada, the increasing interdependence between the two Anglo - Saxon nations and the menace from European conflicts. Above all these is the mutual recognition of the global system in which domi- nant British Empire would have to accept the equal partnership of the United States.
