CAJ | 학술논문

清代，国家对社会的直接控制只到县一级，对广大乡村民众的管理在一定程度上依靠生员和绅士采用教化的方式来进行。统治者给予生员一定的物质利益和社会地位，希望他们修身齐家，进而化民成俗。然而这种理想的统治模式很难在实际中真正实现。生员往往谋求自身利益而忽视职责所在，甚而违法扰民。在日常生活中，儒家的礼仪规范往往无法贯彻到基层社会，甚而出现了生员遵从民间信仰与习俗的倾向。对此，清政府虽有种种约束，但制度的缺陷使其难以落实。
청대，국가대사회적직접공제지도현일급，대엄대향촌민음적관리재일정정도상의고생원화신사채용교화적방식래진행。통치자급여생원일정적물질이익화사회지위，희망타문수신제가，진이화민성속。연이저충이상적통치모식흔난재실제중진정실현。생원왕왕모구자신이익이홀시직책소재，심이위법우민。재일상생활중，유가적례의규범왕왕무법관철도기층사회，심이출현료생원준종민간신앙여습속적경향。대차，청정부수유충충약속，단제도적결함사기난이락실。
In Qing dynasty, the direct state power extends to county level. The governance of the vii- lagers largely depends upon the teaching by the licentiates and genteels, who obtain their benefits and so- cial status from the government. However, the ideal mode of ruling is hardly satisfactory, for the licenti- ates tend to neglect their responsibility, and even impinge on the villagers.