CAJ | 학술논문

采用整体-局部任务范式，通过事件相关电位技术（ERPs）同时结合问卷测量，考察心理疲劳对射击运动员整体加工和局部加工产生的影响。12名射击运动员参加实验。首先通过目标追踪任务诱发心理疲劳，然后使用心理疲劳问卷评估心理疲劳程度，再让被试进行整体-局部加工任务。结果发现：（1）目标追踪任务能够有效地诱发心理疲劳；（2）射击运动员完成整体知觉任务的反应时更快，准确率更高；（3）在心理疲劳状态下，射击运动员对整体知觉任务中一致条件的反应更快，准确率更高，在额区和中央区引发的N2、P3波幅更高；但是，对局部知觉任务中一致和不一致条件的反应时和准确率以及N2、P3波幅之间的差异不显著。这些结果表明，心理疲劳对整体和局部加工有着不同的影响。整体加工相对自动化，受心理疲劳的影响较小，而局部加工依赖于有意搜索，受心理疲劳的影响较大。研究揭示了心理疲劳对于注意的局部加工的影响及其神经关联，对未来射击运动员特定干预措施设计具有启发意义。
채용정체-국부임무범식，통과사건상관전위기술（ERPs）동시결합문권측량，고찰심리피로대사격운동원정체가공화국부가공산생적영향。12명사격운동원삼가실험。수선통과목표추종임무유발심리피로，연후사용심리피로문권평고심리피로정도，재양피시진행정체-국부가공임무。결과발현：（1）목표추종임무능구유효지유발심리피로；（2）사격운동원완성정체지각임무적반응시경쾌，준학솔경고；（3）재심리피로상태하，사격운동원대정체지각임무중일치조건적반응경쾌，준학솔경고，재액구화중앙구인발적N2、P3파폭경고；단시，대국부지각임무중일치화불일치조건적반응시화준학솔이급N2、P3파폭지간적차이불현저。저사결과표명，심리피로대정체화국부가공유착불동적영향。정체가공상대자동화，수심리피로적영향교소，이국부가공의뢰우유의수색，수심리피로적영향교대。연구게시료심리피로대우주의적국부가공적영향급기신경관련，대미래사격운동원특정간예조시설계구유계발의의。
It is widely accepted that in visual perception, one can focus attention on either global or local features of the environment. The nature of such attention focusing is similar to a zoom lens. Attention focus can be broad which enhances the processing of global features. By contrast, attention focus can also be narrow, which facilitates the processing of details, i. e. , local features. Interestingly, extensive research showed that mental fatigue can also influence the scope of attention focus. Mental fatigue refers to the effects that people may experience after or during prolonged periods of cognitive activity. Mental fatigue due to prolonged task performance is a common phenomenon in our everyday lives. Mental fatigue influences nearly all aspects of cognitive and emotional functioning in humans. For rifie shooters, they demand intensive and focused attention. When shooters become fatigued, they usually report difficulties in concentrating and focusing their attention on the tasks they are required to perform. Several studies have indicated that local processing is more strongly dependent on top-down control of attention. Hence, we expect that particularly local processing will be disturbed under fatigue. In the present study, we investigated whether working on object tracking tasks which induces mental fatigue had a subsequent differential effect on global and local processing. Twelve rifle shooters participated in this study. Firstly, we had our subjects perform multiple object tracking tasks continuously for two hours without rest to induce mental fatigue. Shooters were then presented with stimulus letters that consisted of the same or different letters. In this task, shooters under mental fatigue were instructed to respond quickly and accurately to stimuli that contain either global or local targets. With this kind of stimuli and task instructions, shooters had to shift flexibly between searching the global and local level for targets. Reaction time, number of errors, and event-related brain potentials were recorded. The following results are concluded. （ 1 ） Multiple object tracking tasks can effectively induce mental fatigue of the twelve rifle shooters. （2） Fatigued shooters showed faster and more accurate performance in global processing than in local processing. （3） Fatigued shooters were unable to inhibit automatic shifting of attention to local stimuli in a global processing task, implied by larger amplitude in the frontal-central N2/P3 for local compared to global stimuli. （4） Fatigued shooters showed compromised local processing and disturbed automatic shifting of attention to local stimuli on local processing task. The larger amplitude of frontal-central N2 （ 150-250 ms）/P3 （250-350 ms） for local stimuli could not be found. These results indicate that mental fatigue selectively influences global and local processing. Global processing is executed in a relatively quick and automatic way, whereas local processing more strongly relies on top-down or executive processing. Therefore, Compared to automatic global processing, local processing is more likely to be disturbed by mental fatigue.