CAJ | 학술논문

采用不同的研究方法考察道德概念的垂直空间隐喻表征,及其对于人的认知的影响。实验1采用迫选法,在明确要求被试把道德词放在垂直空间位置的上方或下方时,发现在意识层面,被试倾向于把道德词放在垂直空间的上部,把不道德词放在垂直空间的下部。实验2采用无关任务法,对实验词语作褒贬义判断,实验结果发现,道德词出现在空间的上方（相对于下方）时,被试对道德词作褒贬义判断的时间短;不道德词出现在空间的下方（相对于上方）时,被试作褒贬义判断的时间则短。实验3通过记忆任务发现,道德概念的启动使得个体高估了相继出现的客体的高度和长度,不道德概念的启动使得个体低估了其高度和长度。三个实验的结果表明,汉语道德概念的垂直空间隐喻具有心理现实性;汉语道德概念的垂直空间隐喻既存在于无意识层面又可以在意识的层面显现;汉语道德概念的垂直空间隐喻表征会影响对物体的高度和长度的估计,表现为汉语道德概念隐喻表征的＂认知偏移效应＂。
채용불동적연구방법고찰도덕개념적수직공간은유표정,급기대우인적인지적영향。실험1채용박선법,재명학요구피시파도덕사방재수직공간위치적상방혹하방시,발현재의식층면,피시경향우파도덕사방재수직공간적상부,파불도덕사방재수직공간적하부。실험2채용무관임무법,대실험사어작포폄의판단,실험결과발현,도덕사출현재공간적상방（상대우하방）시,피시대도덕사작포폄의판단적시간단;불도덕사출현재공간적하방（상대우상방）시,피시작포폄의판단적시간칙단。실험3통과기억임무발현,도덕개념적계동사득개체고고료상계출현적객체적고도화장도,불도덕개념적계동사득개체저고료기고도화장도。삼개실험적결과표명,한어도덕개념적수직공간은유구유심리현실성;한어도덕개념적수직공간은유기존재우무의식층면우가이재의식적층면현현;한어도덕개념적수직공간은유표정회영향대물체적고도화장도적고계,표현위한어도덕개념은유표정적＂인지편이효응＂。
Three studies investigate the vertical spatial metaphor of moral concepts and its influence on cognition. Study 1 was a paper-pencil forced-choice task in which participants saw a cartoon character and two square boxes （one above and one below the character）, and were asked to place moral and immoral words into the top or the bottom box of their own will. A matching effect appeared both between the moral terms and the above/up space, and between the immoral terms and the below/down space. Study 2 was a computerized categorization task carried out in E-prime. Participants were instructed to categorize words according to whether they were positive or negative in meaning as quickly and accurately as possible. Response times were shorter when moral words appeared at the top of the screen, and when immoral words appeared at the bottom. Study 3 employed a implicit priming task in which participants first memorized moral or immoral concepts and then estimated the height of objects. Moral concepts led to height overestimation while immoral ones led to underestimation. All together, the results suggest that, for Chinese language, there is psychological reality of ＂Moral is up, immoral is down＂. Such a spatial representation of Chinese moral concepts exists at both the conscious and the subconscious level. Other cognitive activities can be influenced by the spatial metaphor of moral concepts subtly. And this new effect is called the Cognitive Deviation Effect of Chinese Moral Concepts’ Metaphorical Representation.