CAJ | 학술논문

教育是一个开放而复杂的社会系统，复杂科学的出现为人们从整体和系统的角度反思教育提供了新的理论视角。现有的学习理论可概括为对应理论和一致理论两类，复杂科学作为第三大理论思潮，认为教育是一种复杂现象，需要跨学科的解释。复杂科学强调集体的认识，而非认识的集合体。学习是学习者与其所处环境持续不断、共同适应的动态过程，该过程必须充分考虑历史和情境因素。教学是教师与学生一起，关注事物新的一面，提出新的解释事物的方式，使熟悉的事物变得新奇的过程。复杂科学还探讨了有效教学的条件，并提出教师要鼓励个体与课堂集体这两个认识系统同时参与课堂活动。这对重新审视当前教育的基本问题、指导教学实践有很大启发。
교육시일개개방이복잡적사회계통，복잡과학적출현위인문종정체화계통적각도반사교육제공료신적이론시각。현유적학습이론가개괄위대응이론화일치이론량류，복잡과학작위제삼대이론사조，인위교육시일충복잡현상，수요과학과적해석。복잡과학강조집체적인식，이비인식적집합체。학습시학습자여기소처배경지속불단、공동괄응적동태과정，해과정필수충분고필역사화정경인소。교학시교사여학생일기，관주사물신적일면，제출신적해석사물적방식，사숙실적사물변득신기적과정。복잡과학환탐토료유효교학적조건，병제출교사요고려개체여과당집체저량개인식계통동시삼여과당활동。저대중신심시당전교육적기본문제、지도교학실천유흔대계발。
Education is an open and a complex social subsystem. Complexity science pro- vides new theoretical perspective to reflect on education in holistic and systemic ways. Correspondence theories and coherence theories are the two main perspectives of learn- ing theories at present times. As the third perspective, complexity science holds that ed- ucation is a transphenomenon and requires a transdisciplinary attitude. The knowing of the collectivity, instead of a collection of knowing, is emphasized by complex science. I.earning is a process that learners constantly co-adapt with the environment in which they are situated and that history and context factors should be fully taken into account. Teaching is a process that teachers, along with the students, focus on the new aspects, prompt new understandings and transform familiar things into novelties. Conditions of effective teaching have been discussed as well. In the process of teaching, teachers are particularly required to engage two systems, including both individuals and collectivi- ties, into classroom activities. Educators are inspired to reflect on both the main issues of education and the educational practice nowadays in terms of complexity science.