知识产权
知識產權
지식산권
Intellectual Property
2013年
5期
25~32
,共null页
“知识共有”理论 共有模式 商标权取得协议 商标注册行为 商标使用行为
“知識共有”理論 共有模式 商標權取得協議 商標註冊行為 商標使用行為
“지식공유”이론 공유모식 상표권취득협의 상표주책행위 상표사용행위
＂knowledge joint＂ theory; joint model; an agreement on trademark right; trademark registerbehavior; trademark use behavior
在格劳秀斯、普芬道夫关于私有财产权产生的自然法逻辑以及德霍斯的“知识共有”理论基础上，阐发“知识共有”理论之内涵：知识财产权是人们就共有知识利用和分配达成的协议。据此，商标权的本质就是以实现特定符号识别功能的义务换取对这一符号的垄断使用权的协议。使用商标实现识别功能是达成协议的实质要件，其他共有人的同意是达成协议的形式要件。使用产生商标权是基于“消极共有”的“占有一默示同意”契约，注册产生商标权是基于“积极共有”的“分配一明示同意”契约，两者各有优劣。从“知识共有”理论的“协议”视角解读商标权取得本质可为商标权正当性论证提供新的进路，对我国商标实践中实现使用行为价值的理性回归，也可为解决未注册商标抢注纠纷等实践问题提供理论指导。
在格勞秀斯、普芬道伕關于私有財產權產生的自然法邏輯以及德霍斯的“知識共有”理論基礎上，闡髮“知識共有”理論之內涵：知識財產權是人們就共有知識利用和分配達成的協議。據此，商標權的本質就是以實現特定符號識彆功能的義務換取對這一符號的壟斷使用權的協議。使用商標實現識彆功能是達成協議的實質要件，其他共有人的同意是達成協議的形式要件。使用產生商標權是基于“消極共有”的“佔有一默示同意”契約，註冊產生商標權是基于“積極共有”的“分配一明示同意”契約，兩者各有優劣。從“知識共有”理論的“協議”視角解讀商標權取得本質可為商標權正噹性論證提供新的進路，對我國商標實踐中實現使用行為價值的理性迴歸，也可為解決未註冊商標搶註糾紛等實踐問題提供理論指導。
재격로수사、보분도부관우사유재산권산생적자연법라집이급덕곽사적“지식공유”이론기출상，천발“지식공유”이론지내함：지식재산권시인문취공유지식이용화분배체성적협의。거차，상표권적본질취시이실현특정부호식별공능적의무환취대저일부호적롱단사용권적협의。사용상표실현식별공능시체성협의적실질요건，기타공유인적동의시체성협의적형식요건。사용산생상표권시기우“소겁공유”적“점유일묵시동의”계약，주책산생상표권시기우“적겁공유”적“분배일명시동의”계약，량자각유우렬。종“지식공유”이론적“협의”시각해독상표권취득본질가위상표권정당성론증제공신적진로，대아국상표실천중실현사용행위개치적이성회귀，야가위해결미주책상표창주규분등실천문제제공이론지도。
On the basis of the natural law logic of private property rights introduced by Hugo Grottos and Samuel Pufendorf and ＂knowledge joint＂ theory introduced by Peter Drahos, the connotation of ＂knowledge joint＂ theory can be concluded as that intellectual property is an agreement on use and distribution of joint knowledge by people. And therefore, the essence of trademark rights is an agreement that performing the obligations of achieving function of identification of the specific symbol in remm for monopoly use to the symbol. And the substance condition of the agreement is using the trademark and achieving its function of identification; the formal condition is the agreement of other joint owners. The trademark right forming by using can be regarded as a contract that is based on ＂negative community＂ and ＂occupied--implied consent＂. And trademark right forming by registering can be regarded as a contract that is based on ＂positive community＂ and ＂allocation---express consent＂. And both of the above have advantages and disadvantages. The interpretation to trademark right from the agreement perspective of ＂knowledge joint＂ theory can not only provide a new approach to prove trademark right for us, but also provide theoretical guidance to the rational regression of using behavior value in China＇s trademark practice and to solve the disputes on rush registering to trademark and other practical issues.
