辽宁师范大学学报：社会科学版
遼寧師範大學學報：社會科學版
료녕사범대학학보：사회과학판
Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Social Science Edition)
2013年
3期
369~375
,共null页
美国教师学校 兴起 发展 消失原因 贡献
美國教師學校 興起 髮展 消失原因 貢獻
미국교사학교 흥기 발전 소실원인 공헌
the teacher institute in the United States,the origin; the development; the reason of disappearing; the contribution
教师学校是19世纪早期美国独创的教师教育机构。它是培养美国农村教师的主要机构，与师范学校同时发展，与师范学校授课内容和所起的作用一样，但它没有固定的场所，其授课时问灵活，教学人员多样化，因此被称作“移动的或巡回的”师范学校。它是一种非师范学校的教师培养机构，它紧密地把理论与实践联系在一起，适应了当时美国公立学校的发展。它为美国缓解教师数量的短缺和满足教师队伍多样化的需求作出了一定贡献，弥补了美国师范学校的不足，尤其受到地广人稀的农村地区的欢迎。通过描述教师学校的起源、发展的过程、消失的原因和贡献，梳理和研究美国教师学校，可以为我国教师机构转型提供借鉴。
教師學校是19世紀早期美國獨創的教師教育機構。它是培養美國農村教師的主要機構，與師範學校同時髮展，與師範學校授課內容和所起的作用一樣，但它沒有固定的場所，其授課時問靈活，教學人員多樣化，因此被稱作“移動的或巡迴的”師範學校。它是一種非師範學校的教師培養機構，它緊密地把理論與實踐聯繫在一起，適應瞭噹時美國公立學校的髮展。它為美國緩解教師數量的短缺和滿足教師隊伍多樣化的需求作齣瞭一定貢獻，瀰補瞭美國師範學校的不足，尤其受到地廣人稀的農村地區的歡迎。通過描述教師學校的起源、髮展的過程、消失的原因和貢獻，梳理和研究美國教師學校，可以為我國教師機構轉型提供藉鑒。
교사학교시19세기조기미국독창적교사교육궤구。타시배양미국농촌교사적주요궤구，여사범학교동시발전，여사범학교수과내용화소기적작용일양，단타몰유고정적장소，기수과시문령활，교학인원다양화，인차피칭작“이동적혹순회적”사범학교。타시일충비사범학교적교사배양궤구，타긴밀지파이론여실천련계재일기，괄응료당시미국공립학교적발전。타위미국완해교사수량적단결화만족교사대오다양화적수구작출료일정공헌，미보료미국사범학교적불족，우기수도지엄인희적농촌지구적환영。통과묘술교사학교적기원、발전적과정、소실적원인화공헌，소리화연구미국교사학교，가이위아국교사궤구전형제공차감。
The teachers’ institute was probably distinctly American teacher education institute in origin in the early 19th century. It was the main institute to develop the rural teacher in the 19th century. It developed with the normal school at the same time. Its teaching content and role were the same as the normal school. But its teaching time was agile and its teaching staff was diversified. So it was called ＂Itinerant or Moving＂ normal school. It was a non-normal school teacher education institute. It closely related the theory and the practice together. It adapted to American public shool at that time and made up for the weaknesses of a normal school contributing properly to alleviating the shortage of teachers and meeting the requirement of the diversification of teaching body in America. It was especially welcomed in sparsely populated rural areas. The article attempts to describe its origin, its development, the reason of its fading away and its contribution. Studying the teachers ’ institute is of valuable enlightenment for us to improve the transition of the teacher education institutes in China.
