CAJ | 학술논문

采用视觉呈现字表和听觉呈现无关言语方式，探讨在字表项目保持期间阻止被试复述情况下，不同呈现位置的无关言语对汉字短时记忆系列回忆的影响。在字表保持期间，采用计算任务进行分心作业。实验结果发现：（1）无关言语对汉字短时记忆系列回忆成绩存在显著影响；（2）在字表保持期间阻止被试进行复述消除了字表呈现期间呈现无关言语对回忆成绩产生的干扰效应；（3）汉字短时记忆系列回忆成绩表现出系列位置效应。实验结果没有完全支持客体情节记忆模型。
채용시각정현자표화은각정현무관언어방식，탐토재자표항목보지기간조지피시복술정황하，불동정현위치적무관언어대한자단시기억계렬회억적영향。재자표보지기간，채용계산임무진행분심작업。실험결과발현：（1）무관언어대한자단시기억계렬회억성적존재현저영향；（2）재자표보지기간조지피시진행복술소제료자표정현기간정현무관언어대회억성적산생적간우효응；（3）한자단시기억계렬회억성적표현출계렬위치효응。실험결과몰유완전지지객체정절기억모형。
Even when stimuli are presented visually, the presence of irrelevant sound （IS） significantly impairs performance on immediate serial recall. Theoretical models provide conflicting accounts of the origins of irrelevant sound effects. The detailed pattern of interaction between IS and other factors influencing memory performance has been seen as placing important constraints on the development of models of short-term memory such as the working memory model and object-oriented episodic record model, but the fundamental question of the locus and mechanism of the IS effect has still not been satisfactorily resolved. To explore whether irrelevant sound has a significant influence on serial recall from short-term memory of Chinese characters, and to adjudicate between conflicting accounts, one experiment with varying levels of IS was conducted by 40 participants with Chinese characters. In the experiment, participants performed an arithmetic task follow the visually presence of Chinese characters list. This prevented them from memorizing the characters during the retention interval. The arithmetic task was three single digits drawn from 1 to 9. Participants were instructed to be as accurate as possible in calculating the sum of the digits. There were four IS conditions： in one condition participants heard no speech during the trial （no IS）; in a second condition they heard three seconds of speech that started 50 ms before the visual presentation of the first item and ended 50ms before the onset of the first digit （IS during list）; in a third condition participants heard three seconds of speech that started 50ms before the onset of the first digit and continued until 50 ms before the word ＂Recall＂（IS during sum）; in the fourth condition, participants heard six seconds of speech that started 50 ms before the first item and continued until 50 ms before the recall cue （IS throughout）. The four conditions were distributed equally and randomly around the 120 lists resulting in 30 lists per IS condition. The results were as follows：（1） Irrelevant sound had a retroactive effect on material in memory. Given the constraints placed on the participants by the requirement to perform the arithmetic task （correctly） during the retention interval, IS presented during a filled retention interval and IS throughout had a reliable effect on list recall. （2） Performance with no IS was not reliably better than that on the IS during list. （3） Serial position effects were observed in serial recall. Accuracy steadily declined towards the latter part of the list, but the performance of the last one was better than that of the former one. The results confirmed that a retroactive effect of IS persists even when we use an overt speeded digit-reading task to prevent rehearsal. The Object-oriented episodic record model for the irrelevant-speech effect needs to be reconsidered.