中共党史研究
中共黨史研究
중공당사연구
2013年
6期
49~59
,共null页
中东铁路 《苏俄第一次对华宣言》 国家利益
中東鐵路 《囌俄第一次對華宣言》 國傢利益
중동철로 《소아제일차대화선언》 국가이익
《苏俄第一次对华宣言》应有无偿归还中东铁路的内容，但苏俄后来对此予以否认。苏俄在归还中东铁路问题上前后所持态度发生很大变化，主要动因是由这一时期苏俄对华政策的基本思想与具体实践所决定的。其一，苏俄政府关于中东铁路的政策实际上始终未变，即不同意无条件归还中东铁路。其二，《苏俄第一次对华宣言》关于无偿归还中东铁路的规定，是苏维埃政府两重性外交的结果。其三，苏俄政府宣布无偿归还中东铁路，是出于获得中国在外交上承认的需要。总之，决定苏俄对华政策的主导因素不是意识形态，而是现实的国家利益。
《囌俄第一次對華宣言》應有無償歸還中東鐵路的內容，但囌俄後來對此予以否認。囌俄在歸還中東鐵路問題上前後所持態度髮生很大變化，主要動因是由這一時期囌俄對華政策的基本思想與具體實踐所決定的。其一，囌俄政府關于中東鐵路的政策實際上始終未變，即不同意無條件歸還中東鐵路。其二，《囌俄第一次對華宣言》關于無償歸還中東鐵路的規定，是囌維埃政府兩重性外交的結果。其三，囌俄政府宣佈無償歸還中東鐵路，是齣于穫得中國在外交上承認的需要。總之，決定囌俄對華政策的主導因素不是意識形態，而是現實的國傢利益。
《소아제일차대화선언》응유무상귀환중동철로적내용，단소아후래대차여이부인。소아재귀환중동철로문제상전후소지태도발생흔대변화，주요동인시유저일시기소아대화정책적기본사상여구체실천소결정적。기일，소아정부관우중동철로적정책실제상시종미변，즉불동의무조건귀환중동철로。기이，《소아제일차대화선언》관우무상귀환중동철로적규정，시소유애정부량중성외교적결과。기삼，소아정부선포무상귀환중동철로，시출우획득중국재외교상승인적수요。총지，결정소아대화정책적주도인소불시의식형태，이시현실적국가이익。
In ＂The first declaration of Soviet Russia to China＂ should include content of gratuitously return the Chinese East railway, but Soviet Russia has denied this later on. Soviet Russia hold the very large change in the attitude altogether at returning the Chinese East railway. Main reasons were decided by basic thought and concrete practice of China policy of Soviet Russia by this period. The first, in fact the policy of Soviet Russia on the Chi- nese East railway has not changed all the time, that is to say, Soviet Russia has disagreed with unconditionally re-turning the Chinese East railway. The second, the stipulate about gratuitously returning the Chinese East railway in ＂The first declaration of Soviet Russia to China＂ was results of double diplomatic of Soviet government. The third, Soviet government has declared to gratuitously return the Chinese East railway what is the need of getting admit of China in foreign affairs. In a word, the leading policy of Soviet Russia to China policy was realize form, just but the realistic benefit of the country.
