CAJ | 학술논문

清朝同治年间,东北地区陷入空前的社会大动荡,突出表现在吏治腐败严重;剥削加重,经济萧条;防务空虚,封禁失败,局部开禁,管理滞后;流民激增,民风下移,恶俗泛滥;武装举事频发,社会治安失控。这一时期的乱局,影响了后来的历史进程。清廷封禁政策遭受冲击,名存实亡,不得不逐步开禁;整饬吏治,变通官制,增设治民机构,弱化了地方矛盾。诸种变化显示,清廷在战略上,不仅视东北为＂龙兴之地＂,更突出其＂边疆＂地位。在社会意识上,＂民族＂意识逐渐淡漠,＂区域＂意识在增强。另一种影响,则是马贼胡匪时而肆虐,从清末到民国,持续未绝,难以根除。
청조동치년간,동북지구함입공전적사회대동탕,돌출표현재리치부패엄중;박삭가중,경제소조;방무공허,봉금실패,국부개금,관리체후;류민격증,민풍하이,악속범람;무장거사빈발,사회치안실공。저일시기적란국,영향료후래적역사진정。청정봉금정책조수충격,명존실망,불득불축보개금;정칙리치,변통관제,증설치민궤구,약화료지방모순。제충변화현시,청정재전략상,불부시동북위＂룡흥지지＂,경돌출기＂변강＂지위。재사회의식상,＂민족＂의식축점담막,＂구역＂의식재증강。령일충영향,칙시마적호비시이사학,종청말도민국,지속미절,난이근제。
In Tongzhi years of Qing Dynasty,the Northeast region plunged into an unprecedented social unrest.The most prominent performance is as follows： serious corruption in officialdom,aggravating exploitation,economic depression;empty defense,ban failed,partially lifting the ban,regulatory lag;displaced persons surge,folkway down,the proliferation of bad customs.Meanwhile,armed uprising occurred frequently and the social order was out of control.The chaos of this period influenced the subsequent historical process.The Qing government ban policy existed in name only and had to gradually lift the ban,straighten officialdom,work bureaucracy,add the institutions of governing the people and weaken the local conflict.This change displayed： in strategy,the Qing government not only treated the Northeast as the ＂dragon＂,but more prominent ＂frontier＂status.In the social consciousness,the national consciousness became gradually indifferent while the ＂regional＂ awareness was enhancing.Another influence is that the horse thieves and bandits sometimes wreaked havoc from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,which was sustained and not absolutely difficult to eradicate.