CAJ | 학술논문

去工业化指一个国家其工业部门就业占比与产值占比持续下降的现象。本文基于经济发展水平、工业部f7内部结构与产业升级的效率性等维度，通过跨国比较，将去工业化区分为“彻底的去工业化”、“适度的去工业化”与“早熟的去工业化”。研究发现：“彻底的去工业化”是产业资本为了避免利润率下滑全面转向金融资本的产物，其导致的持续性贸易逆差将引发金融危机或主权债务危机。“早熟的去工业化”则由承接了产业转移的发展中国家在劳动力成本优势丧失之前没有形成工业技术优势而导致，被迫停滞的工业化使其无法跨越中等收入陷阱。“适度的去工业化”是利用工业生产的迂回性，凭借技术创新形成的壁垒．逐步退出竞争性的消费品工业，转而垄断资本品工业的一种表现，有助于突破低工资与出口依赖的怪圈。由此可见，去工业化不等同于产业高级化，不同类型的去工业化还存在“好”与“坏”的差异。只有好的去工业化才有利于构筑竞争优势，推动经济持续稳定的增长。中国应该继续坚持工业化。推进消费品工业向资本品工业的升级，在去工业化的问题上避免“早熟”．保持“适度”。
거공업화지일개국가기공업부문취업점비여산치점비지속하강적현상。본문기우경제발전수평、공업부f7내부결구여산업승급적효솔성등유도，통과과국비교，장거공업화구분위“철저적거공업화”、“괄도적거공업화”여“조숙적거공업화”。연구발현：“철저적거공업화”시산업자본위료피면리윤솔하활전면전향금융자본적산물，기도치적지속성무역역차장인발금융위궤혹주권채무위궤。“조숙적거공업화”칙유승접료산업전이적발전중국가재노동력성본우세상실지전몰유형성공업기술우세이도치，피박정체적공업화사기무법과월중등수입함정。“괄도적거공업화”시이용공업생산적우회성，빙차기술창신형성적벽루．축보퇴출경쟁성적소비품공업，전이롱단자본품공업적일충표현，유조우돌파저공자여출구의뢰적괴권。유차가견，거공업화불등동우산업고급화，불동류형적거공업화환존재“호”여“배”적차이。지유호적거공업화재유리우구축경쟁우세，추동경제지속은정적증장。중국응해계속견지공업화。추진소비품공업향자본품공업적승급，재거공업화적문제상피면“조숙”．보지“괄도”。
De-industrialization is a phenomenon that the proportions of industrial employment and product are declining continuously in a country. This paper divides de-industrialization into complete de-industrialization, moderate de-industrialization and premature de-industrialization by cross-country comparison in views of their levels of economic development, industrial structure and efficiency in the industrial upgrading. The research finds that complete de-industrialization is a product of the change from industrial capital to financial capital in order to avoiding the margin squeeze, and the resulting persistent trade deficit will trigger a financial crisis or the sovereign debt crisis. Premature de-industrialization results from undertaking the industry transfer when a developing country didn＇t form the advantage of industry technology before losing the advantage of labor cost, and the forced stagnation of industrialization makes it difficult to step over the middle-income trap. Moderate de-industrialization is a phenomenon by utilizing the rampart which was set up by relying on the roundabout of industrial production and the technological innovation to quit the emulative consumer goods industry gradually and come into the monopoly capital goods industry, and it contributes to breaking the cycle of low wage and dependence on export. Thus it can be seen that de-industrialization is not equal to industry upgrading, and there are also differences between the ＂good＂ and＂bad＂ de-industrialization. Only the good de-industrialization contributes to building competitive advantages and promotes the continuously economic growth. China should insist on developing industrialization and promoting the upgrading from consumer goods industry to the monopoly capital goods industry. We should avoid becoming premature de-industrialization and stay moderate de-industrialization when it comes to de-industrialization.