中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2013年
6期
59~65
,共null页
农村劳动力 流动 人力资本溢出 社会福利 分配
農村勞動力 流動 人力資本溢齣 社會福利 分配
농촌노동력 류동 인력자본일출 사회복리 분배
rural labor force ; mobility ; human capital spillover ; social welfare ; allocation
改革开放以来,在制度改革和经济转型的双重作用下,农村劳动力流动的规模不断扩大。流动的劳动力的平均受教育程度总体上高于农村劳动力的平均文化程度。然而在我国目前教育投入体制下,教育投入属地性质七分明显。因此。农村劳动力的流动将使得教育投入表现出显著的外部性,教育人力资本溢出效应将会使劳动力输出地与输入地产生不同的社会福利效应。表现为:劳动力净输出地为福利损失,而劳动力净流入地为福利受益;其中,广东净受益最多.四川福利损失最多,云南基本持平。各省份最主要的5个直接福利受益来源地和溢出流向地,所占比重分别到达了52.32%-85.65%,48.64%-95.41%。尽管农村劳动力的流动是劳动力资源的优化配置的重要途径,但是因为农村高素质劳动力大规模持续流出对城乡与区域经济特别是中西部地区以及地方政府教育投入的间接福利影响也是不窖忽视的。
改革開放以來,在製度改革和經濟轉型的雙重作用下,農村勞動力流動的規模不斷擴大。流動的勞動力的平均受教育程度總體上高于農村勞動力的平均文化程度。然而在我國目前教育投入體製下,教育投入屬地性質七分明顯。因此。農村勞動力的流動將使得教育投入錶現齣顯著的外部性,教育人力資本溢齣效應將會使勞動力輸齣地與輸入地產生不同的社會福利效應。錶現為:勞動力淨輸齣地為福利損失,而勞動力淨流入地為福利受益;其中,廣東淨受益最多.四川福利損失最多,雲南基本持平。各省份最主要的5箇直接福利受益來源地和溢齣流嚮地,所佔比重分彆到達瞭52.32%-85.65%,48.64%-95.41%。儘管農村勞動力的流動是勞動力資源的優化配置的重要途徑,但是因為農村高素質勞動力大規模持續流齣對城鄉與區域經濟特彆是中西部地區以及地方政府教育投入的間接福利影響也是不窖忽視的。
개혁개방이래,재제도개혁화경제전형적쌍중작용하,농촌노동력류동적규모불단확대。류동적노동력적평균수교육정도총체상고우농촌노동력적평균문화정도。연이재아국목전교육투입체제하,교육투입속지성질칠분명현。인차。농촌노동력적류동장사득교육투입표현출현저적외부성,교육인력자본일출효응장회사노동력수출지여수입지산생불동적사회복리효응。표현위:노동력정수출지위복리손실,이노동력정류입지위복리수익;기중,엄동정수익최다.사천복리손실최다,운남기본지평。각성빈최주요적5개직접복리수익래원지화일출류향지,소점비중분별도체료52.32%-85.65%,48.64%-95.41%。진관농촌노동력적류동시노동력자원적우화배치적중요도경,단시인위농촌고소질노동력대규모지속류출대성향여구역경제특별시중서부지구이급지방정부교육투입적간접복리영향야시불교홀시적。
Since China' s reform and opening-up, the scale of rural labor mobility has been expanding, as a result of the dual effect of the institutional reforms and economic restructuring. The average education level of the rural labor force is higher than the national average education level. However, in the condition of China' s current education investment system, the territoriality characteristic of education investment is obvious. Therefore, education investment has significant externality because of the rural labor mobility. And educational human capital spillovers bring different social welfare effects between outflow regions and inflow regions. Guangdong gets the net maximum benefit, Sichuan loses maximum welfare, and benefit and loss of Yunnan are nearly equal. The percentage of the main five source provinces of benefit and loss on direct social welfare mostly account 52.32% - 85.65% and 48.64% - 95.41% respectively. Although labor mobility is the important way of labor force resource' arrangement, the indirect social welfare effect of continuous rural labor mobility to economy development disparities between urban and rural regions especially central and west China, and educational investment by local governments should not be neglected.