CAJ | 학술논문

本文基于1998-2005年中国1813家研究所构成的均衡面板数据,首次对中国研究机构的科技资源利用效率进行了评价研究。在采用FE和IVE方法控制双向固定效应和潜在的选择性偏误的基础上,估计了研究所投入要素对总收入和科技收入的贡献份额,由大到小依次为：非研究生科技人员、科研业务费、研究生科技人员、科研设备费,研究所的科技投入总体上不存在规模效应。采用GPS方法控制了投入要素的条件概率密度分布,估计了研究所投入要素对边际产出的动态影响,研究发现,随着投入要素规模的不断增大,非研究生科技人员的边际产出呈先升后降的趋势,其他三种投入要素则呈现总体上升趋势。本文的研究结论对研究所提高投入要素的利用效率具有重要的启示和指导意义。
본문기우1998-2005년중국1813가연구소구성적균형면판수거,수차대중국연구궤구적과기자원이용효솔진행료평개연구。재채용FE화IVE방법공제쌍향고정효응화잠재적선택성편오적기출상,고계료연구소투입요소대총수입화과기수입적공헌빈액,유대도소의차위：비연구생과기인원、과연업무비、연구생과기인원、과연설비비,연구소적과기투입총체상불존재규모효응。채용GPS방법공제료투입요소적조건개솔밀도분포,고계료연구소투입요소대변제산출적동태영향,연구발현,수착투입요소규모적불단증대,비연구생과기인원적변제산출정선승후강적추세,기타삼충투입요소칙정현총체상승추세。본문적연구결론대연구소제고투입요소적이용효솔구유중요적계시화지도의의。
For the first time, we evaluate the efficiency of S＆T inputs of China＇ s research institutes （RIs） based on a panel dataset consisting 1813 RIs from 1998 to 2005. By controlling the individual and time fixed effects, the instrumental variable estimate shows that S＆T personnel without graduate degree has the highest output elasticity, which is followed by S＆T intermediate inputs, S＆T personnel with graduate degree, and S＆T equipment. In general, the constant or increasing return to scale doesn＇t exist in the sector of China＇ s RIs. Through including the conditional density of S＆T input in the GPS regression, the input-varying output elasticity and marginal products can be evaluated. For S＆T personnel without advanced degrees, medium-size institutes exhibit somewhat higher marginal products. Institutes with the largest inputs of S＆T personnel with graduate degrees, equipment, and intermediate inputs exhibit the highest returns to each of these inputs. Several suggestions on how to improve the S＆T inputs＇ efficiency of RIs are provided.